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Abstract：
Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protozoa, which exists widely in nature and is mainly distributed in soil and water. Acanthamoeba usually exists in two forms, trophozoites and cysts. The trophozoite stage is one of growth and reproduction while the cyst stage is characterized by cellular quiescence, commonly resulting in human infection, and the lack of effective monotherapy after initial infection leads to chronic disease. Acanthamoeba can infect several human body tissues such as the skin, cornea, conjunctiva, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract, especially when the tissue barriers are damaged. Furthermore, serious infections can cause Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, skin, and lung infections. With an increasing number of Acanthamoeba infections in recent years, the pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba is becoming more relevant to mainstream clinical care. This review article will describe the etiological characteristics of Acanthamoeba infection in detail from the aspects of biological characteristic, classification, disease, and pathogenic mechanism in order to provide scientific basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Acanthamoeba infection.
摘要：
棘阿米巴是一种机会性原生动物，在自然界中广泛存在,主要分布在土壤和水中。棘阿米巴通常以两种形式存在，滋养体和囊肿。滋养体阶段是生长和繁殖阶段，而囊肿阶段的特征是细胞静止。通常导致人类感染，初次感染后缺乏有效的单一疗法会导致慢性疾病。棘阿米巴可以感染多种人体组织，如皮肤，角膜,结膜,呼吸道,和生殖道，特别是当组织屏障受损时。此外，严重感染可引起棘阿米巴角膜炎，肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎，皮肤,和肺部感染。近年来随着棘阿米巴感染的数量不断增加,棘阿米巴的致病性与主流临床治疗越来越相关.本文将从生物学特性方面对棘阿米巴感染的病原学特点进行详细的综述,分类，疾病,和致病机制，为诊断提供科学依据，治疗,和预防棘阿米巴感染。
