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Abstract：
Since the early 1980s, multiple researchers have contributed to the development of in vitro models of the human gastrointestinal system for the mechanistic interrogation of the gut microbiome ecology. Using a bioreactor for simulating all the features and conditions of the gastrointestinal system is a massive challenge. Some conditions, such as temperature and pH, are readily controlled, but a more challenging feature to simulate is that both may vary in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Promising solutions have been developed for simulating other functionalities, such as dialysis capabilities, peristaltic movements, and biofilm growth. This research field is under constant development, and further efforts are needed to drive these models closer to in vivo conditions, thereby increasing their usefulness for studying the gut microbiome impact on human health. Therefore, understanding the influence of key operational parameters is fundamental for the refinement of the current bioreactors and for guiding the development of more complex models. In this review, we performed a systematic search for operational parameters in 229 papers that used continuous bioreactors seeded with human feces. Despite the reporting of operational parameters for the various bioreactor models being variable, as a result of a lack of standardization, the impact of specific operational parameters on gut microbial ecology is discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of the current bioreactor systems.
摘要：
自1980年代初以来，许多研究人员为人类胃肠系统的体外模型的开发做出了贡献，用于肠道微生物组生态学的机械询问。使用生物反应器来模拟胃肠系统的所有特征和条件是巨大的挑战。一些条件,如温度和pH值，很容易控制，但模拟的一个更具挑战性的特征是，两者可能在胃肠道的不同区域有所不同。已经开发了用于模拟其他功能的有希望的解决方案，例如透析能力，蠕动运动,和生物膜生长。这一研究领域正在不断发展，需要进一步的努力来推动这些模型更接近体内条件，从而增加了它们对研究肠道微生物对人类健康影响的有用性。因此,了解关键操作参数的影响是完善当前生物反应器和指导开发更复杂模型的基础。在这次审查中,我们在229篇论文中对操作参数进行了系统的搜索，这些论文使用了接种人类粪便的连续生物反应器。尽管各种生物反应器模型的操作参数的报告是可变的，由于缺乏标准化，讨论了具体操作参数对肠道微生物生态学的影响，突出了当前生物反应器系统的优点和局限性。
