PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The Orchidaceae, which is one of the most interesting families of angiosperms, contains a large number of rare species. Despite their acknowledged importance, little attention has been paid to the study of orchids distributed in northern territories. In this study, we determined the syntaxonomical diversity and ecological parameters of orchid habitats in two of Europe\'s largest protected areas, the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park (northeastern European Russia), and then compared our findings to those in other parts of orchid distribution ranges. For this purpose, we studied 345 descriptions of plant communities (releves) containing species from Orchidaceae and defined habitat parameters using Ellenberg indicator values with the community weight mean approach, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS), and relative niche width. We found that orchids were distributed in eight habitat types and 97 plant associations. The largest number of orchid species is found in forest communities. Half of the orchid species under study occur in the mires and rock habitats with open vegetation. Several orchids consistently occur in areas disturbed by human activity. In addition, our study indicates that the main drivers of orchid distribution across the vegetation types are light and soil nitrogen. Our analysis of the ecological parameters of orchid habitats indicates that some orchid species can be classified as habitat specialists that are confined to a relatively narrow ecological niche in the Urals (e.g., Goodyera repens, Cypripedium guttatum and Dactylorhiza maculata). Several other species (e.g. Neottia cordata and Dactylorhiza fuchsia) grow under diverse ecological parameters.
摘要：
兰科，这是被子植物最有趣的家族之一，含有大量稀有物种。尽管人们公认的重要性，对分布在北部地区的兰花的研究很少关注。在这项研究中,我们确定了欧洲两个最大保护区的兰花栖息地的语法多样性和生态参数，Pechoro-Ilychsky保护区和YugydVa国家公园（俄罗斯东北部），然后将我们的发现与兰花分布范围其他部分的发现进行了比较。为此,我们研究了345个包含兰科物种的植物群落（相关）的描述，并使用Ellenberg指标值和群落权重平均值方法定义了栖息地参数，非度量多维缩放(NMS)，和相对生态位宽度。我们发现兰花分布在8种栖息地类型和97种植物协会中。在森林群落中发现了最多的兰花物种。所研究的兰花物种中有一半发生在具有开放植被的沼泽和岩石栖息地中。几种兰花始终出现在受人类活动干扰的地区。此外,我们的研究表明，兰花在植被类型中分布的主要驱动因素是光照和土壤氮。我们对兰花栖息地生态参数的分析表明，某些兰花物种可以归类为栖息地专家，这些专家仅限于乌拉尔相对狭窄的生态位（例如，Goodyerarepens,CrippediumguttatumandDactylorhizamaculata).其他几种物种（例如Neottiacordata和Dactylorhizafuchsia）在不同的生态参数下生长。
