Abstract：
Nutritional guidelines recommended limiting dietary phosphorus as part of phosphorus management in patients with kidney failure. Currently, there is no validated phosphorus food frequency questionnaire (P-FFQ) to easily capture this nutrient intake. An FFQ of this type would facilitate efficient screening of dietary sources of phosphorus and assist in developing a patient-centered treatment plan. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a P-FFQ by comparing it with the 24 hr multi-pass recall. Fifty participants (66% male, age 70 ± 13.3 years) with kidney failure undertaking dialysis were recruited from hospital nephrology outpatient departments. All participants completed the P-FFQ and 24 hr multi-pass recalls with assistance from a renal dietitian and then analysed using nutrient analysis software. Bland-Altman analyses were used to determine the agreement between P-FFQ and mean phosphorus intake from three 24 hr multi-pass recalls. Mean phosphorous intake was 1262 ± 400 mg as determined by the 24 hr multi pass recalls and 1220 ± 348 mg as determined by the P-FFQ. There was a moderate correlation between the P-FFQ and 24 hr multi pass recall (r = 0.62, p = 0.37) with a mean difference of 42 mg (95% limits of agreement: 685 mg; -601 mg, p = 0.373) between the two methods. The precision of the P-FFQ was 3.33%, indicating suitability as an alternative to the 24 hr multi pass recall technique. These findings indicate that the P-FFQ is a valid, accurate, and precise tool for assessing sources of dietary phosphorus in people with kidney failure undertaking dialysis and could be used as a tool to help identify potentially problematic areas of dietary intake in those who may have a high serum phosphate.
摘要：
营养指南建议限制饮食磷作为肾衰竭患者磷管理的一部分。目前,没有经过验证的磷食物频率问卷（P-FFQ）可以轻松捕获这种营养素摄入量。这种类型的FFQ将有助于有效筛选磷的饮食来源，并有助于制定以患者为中心的治疗计划。这项研究的目的是通过将其与24小时多次通过召回进行比较来开发和验证P-FFQ。50名参与者（66%为男性，年龄70±13.3岁）的肾衰竭透析患者从医院肾脏科门诊部招募。所有参与者在肾脏营养师的帮助下完成了P-FFQ和24小时多次召回，然后使用营养分析软件进行分析。Bland-Altman分析用于确定P-FFQ与三次24小时多次召回的平均磷摄入量之间的一致性。通过24小时多次召回确定的平均磷摄入量为1262±400mg，通过P-FFQ确定的平均磷摄入量为1220±348mg。P-FFQ与24小时多次召回之间存在中度相关性（r=0.62，p=0.37），平均差为42mg（95％的一致性极限：685mg；-601mg，两种方法之间的p=0.373)。P-FFQ的精密度为3.33%,指示作为24小时多遍召回技术的替代方案的适用性。这些发现表明P-FFQ是有效的，准确,和精确的工具，用于评估肾衰竭患者进行透析的膳食磷来源，并且可以用作一种工具，以帮助识别那些可能有高血清磷酸盐的人的膳食摄入的潜在问题。
