Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic pyelonephritis that often mimics other renal diseases, when combined with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD), preoperative diagnosis is exceedingly difficult. It is important for clinicians to be aware of an XGP with ADPKD since a misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary surgical intervention.
METHODS: Here, we report a case of a 66-year-old female with a history of bilateral ADPKD and urinary tract infection admitted to our hospital due to right flank pain, feeble, and low-grade fever. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed a malignant mass of the right kidney suspected to be a cystic renal cell carcinoma with polycystic kidney disease. In addition, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F FDG PET/CT) showed similar results. Subsequently, the patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy, but histopathological examination revealed XGP with ADPKD. On the follow-up, the patient\'s symptoms were relieved.
CONCLUSIONS: XGP should be kept in mind during the differential diagnosis of renal masses with ADPKD even in the absence of characteristic clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations.
METHODS: Here, we report a case of a 66-year-old female with a history of bilateral ADPKD and urinary tract infection admitted to our hospital due to right flank pain, feeble, and low-grade fever. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed a malignant mass of the right kidney suspected to be a cystic renal cell carcinoma with polycystic kidney disease. In addition, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F FDG PET/CT) showed similar results. Subsequently, the patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy, but histopathological examination revealed XGP with ADPKD. On the follow-up, the patient\'s symptoms were relieved.
CONCLUSIONS: XGP should be kept in mind during the differential diagnosis of renal masses with ADPKD even in the absence of characteristic clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations.
摘要：
背景：黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎（XGP）是一种罕见的慢性肾盂肾炎，通常模仿其他肾脏疾病，当合并常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病（ADPKD）时，术前诊断非常困难。对于临床医生来说，重要的是要了解患有ADPKD的XGP，因为误诊会导致不必要的手术干预。
方法：这里，我们报告了一例66岁的女性，有双侧ADPKD和尿路感染的病史，由于右侧腹部疼痛入院。虚弱,低烧。超声造影显示右肾恶性肿块，怀疑是多囊性肾细胞癌。此外,对比增强计算机断层扫描（CT）和氟18氟脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT（18FFDGPET/CT）显示相似的结果。随后，患者接受了右肾根治性切除术,但组织病理学检查显示XGP伴ADPKD。关于后续行动，病人的症状缓解了。
结论：在肾脏肿块伴ADPKD的鉴别诊断中，即使没有特征性的临床症状和影像学表现，也应牢记XGP。
方法：这里，我们报告了一例66岁的女性，有双侧ADPKD和尿路感染的病史，由于右侧腹部疼痛入院。虚弱,低烧。超声造影显示右肾恶性肿块，怀疑是多囊性肾细胞癌。此外,对比增强计算机断层扫描（CT）和氟18氟脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT（18FFDGPET/CT）显示相似的结果。随后，患者接受了右肾根治性切除术,但组织病理学检查显示XGP伴ADPKD。关于后续行动，病人的症状缓解了。
结论：在肾脏肿块伴ADPKD的鉴别诊断中，即使没有特征性的临床症状和影像学表现，也应牢记XGP。
