Abstract：
Residential buildings provide unique conditions for opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen (OPPP) exposure via aerosolized water droplets produced by showerheads, faucets, and tubs. The objective of this review was to critically evaluate the existing literature that assessed the impact of potentially enhancing conditions to OPPP occurrence associated with residential plumbing and to point out knowledge gaps. Comprehensive studies on the topic were found to be lacking. Major knowledge gaps identified include the assessment of OPPP growth in the residential plumbing, from building entry to fixtures, and evaluation of the extent of the impact of typical residential plumbing design (e.g., trunk and branch and manifold), components (e.g., valves and fixtures), water heater types and temperature setting of operation, and common pipe materials (copper, PEX, and PVC/CPVC). In addition, impacts of the current plumbing code requirements on OPPP responses have not been assessed by any study and a lack of guidelines for OPPP risk management in residences was identified. Finally, the research required to expand knowledge on OPPP amplification in residences was discussed.
摘要：
住宅建筑通过淋浴头产生的雾化水滴为机会性前提管道病原体（OPPP）暴露提供了独特的条件，水龙头,和浴缸。这篇综述的目的是批判性地评估现有文献，这些文献评估了与住宅管道相关的潜在增强条件对OPPP发生的影响，并指出了知识差距。发现缺乏对该主题的全面研究。确定的主要知识差距包括对住宅管道中OPPP增长的评估，从建筑物入口到固定装置，并评估典型住宅管道设计的影响程度(例如，主干、分支和歧管)，组件(例如，阀门和固定装置)，热水器类型和温度设置的操作，和常见的管道材料(铜，PEX,和PVC/CPVC）。此外,目前的管道规范要求对OPPP反应的影响尚未通过任何研究进行评估，并且缺乏住宅OPPP风险管理指南。最后,讨论了扩大住宅OPPP扩增知识所需的研究。
