PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Stem cells have been the subject of research for years due to their enormous therapeutic potential. Most neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), Parkinson\'s disease (PD), and Huntington\'s disease (HD) are incurable or very difficult to treat. Therefore new therapies are sought in which autologous stem cells are used. They are often the patient\'s only hope for recovery or slowing down the progress of the disease symptoms. The most important conclusions arise after analyzing the literature on the use of stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases. The effectiveness of MSC cell therapy has been confirmed in ALS and HD therapy. MSC cells slow down ALS progression and show early promising signs of efficacy. In HD, they reduced huntingtin (Htt) aggregation and stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis. MS therapy with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) inducted significant recalibration of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory components of the immune system. iPSC cells allow for accurate PD modeling. They are patient-specific and therefore minimize the risk of immune rejection and, in long-term observation, did not form any tumors in the brain. Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC-EVs) and Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) cells are widely used to treat AD. Due to the reduction of Aβ42 deposits and increasing the survival of neurons, they improve memory and learning abilities. Despite many animal models and clinical trial studies, cell therapy still needs to be refined to increase its effectiveness in the human body.
摘要：
干细胞由于其巨大的治疗潜力多年来一直是研究的主题。大多数神经系统疾病，如多发性硬化症（MS），肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS),阿尔茨海默病（AD），帕金森病（PD），和亨廷顿病（HD）是无法治愈或非常难以治疗。因此,寻求使用自体干细胞的新疗法。它们往往是患者康复或减缓病情进展的唯一希望症状。在分析了有关干细胞在神经退行性疾病中的使用的文献之后，得出了最重要的结论。MSC细胞疗法的有效性已在ALS和HD疗法中得到证实。MSC细胞减缓ALS进展并显示早期有希望的功效迹象。在HD中,他们减少亨廷顿（Htt）聚集和刺激内源性神经发生。使用造血干细胞（HSC）的MS疗法诱导了免疫系统的促炎和免疫调节成分的显着重新校准。iPSC细胞允许准确的PD建模。它们是患者特异性的，因此可将免疫排斥的风险降至最低，在长期观察中，在大脑中没有形成任何肿瘤。源自骨髓间充质基质细胞(BM-MSC-EV)和人脂肪来源的基质/干细胞(hASC)细胞的胞外囊泡被广泛用于治疗AD。由于Aβ42沉积物的减少和增加神经元的存活，他们提高记忆和学习能力。尽管有许多动物模型和临床试验研究，细胞疗法仍需要改进，以增加其在人体中的有效性。
