Abstract：
Smallholder subsistence pig production is common in Uganda and African swine fever (ASF) is endemic in the country, with its spread driven by human activities along the smallholder value chain. Previous research in the study area has revealed that many stakeholders are aware of how ASF is spread, its prevention and control, and have a generally positive attitude towards biosecurity. Despite this, even basic biosecurity is largely lacking. Costs, as well as a lack of adaptation to the local context, culture and traditions have been identified as factors hindering biosecurity implementation. Community engagement and local ownership of disease problems are increasingly recognised as important for improving disease prevention and control. The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of participatory action at community level with broad inclusion of stakeholders to improve biosecurity in the smallholder pig value chain. Specific attention was paid to participants\' perceptions and experiences of implementing the biosecurity measures included in their co-created community contracts. The study was conducted in Northern Uganda in villages purposively selected on the basis of previous occurrences of ASF. In each village, farmers and traders were also purposively selected. At a first meeting, basic information about ASF was shared and participants presented with a list of biosecurity measures adapted for farmers and traders respectively. Participants discussed each measure in farmer and trader subgroups, decided on the measures to implement for one year, and signed a community contract to this effect. The following year, interviews were again undertaken and implementation support given. Interview data were coded and thematically analysed. Each subgroup chose a minimum of three and a maximum of nine measures, with wide variations between villages in their selection of measures. At the follow-ups, none of the subgroups had fully implemented what had been agreed in their contract, but all had changed some of their biosecurity routines. Some frequently recommended biosecurity measures, such as not borrowing breeding boars, were not considered feasible. Relatively simple and cheap biosecurity measures were rejected for reasons of cost, highlighting the participants\' general level of poverty and the relevance of poverty as a specific factor governing disease control results. The participatory methodology allowing for discussions, co-creation and the option to refuse measures seemed to facilitate the implementation of measures that had initially been thought to be controversial. The broad community approach was deemed to be positive for strengthening community identity, cooperation and implementation.
摘要：
小农自给养猪在乌干达很普遍，非洲猪瘟（ASF）在该国很流行，它的传播是由人类活动推动的，沿着小农价值链。研究领域的先前研究表明，许多利益相关者都知道ASF是如何传播的，它的预防和控制，并对生物安全持积极态度。尽管如此,甚至基本的生物安全在很大程度上也缺乏。Costs,以及缺乏对当地环境的适应，文化和传统已被确定为阻碍生物安全实施的因素。社区参与和当地对疾病问题的所有权越来越被认为对改善疾病预防和控制很重要。这项研究的目的是调查社区一级参与行动的能力，并广泛纳入利益相关者，以改善小农猪价值链中的生物安全性。特别注意了参与者对实施共同创建的社区合同中包含的生物安全措施的看法和经验。这项研究是在乌干达北部的村庄进行的，该村庄是根据先前发生的ASF而故意选择的。在每个村庄，农民和商人也被有目的地挑选。在第一次会议上,分享了有关ASF的基本信息，并向参与者提供了分别适用于农民和贸易商的生物安全措施清单。与会者讨论了农民和贸易商分组中的每一项措施，决定实施一年的措施，并为此签署了一份社区合同。第二年,再次进行了采访，并提供了实施支持。面试数据进行了编码和主题分析。每个小组选择至少三个和最多九个措施，村庄在选择措施方面差异很大。在后续行动中，没有一个小组完全执行了他们合同中商定的内容，但是所有人都改变了他们的一些生物安全程序。一些人经常建议采取生物安全措施，例如不借用繁殖公猪，被认为不可行。由于成本原因，相对简单和廉价的生物安全措施被拒绝，强调参与者的一般贫困水平和贫困作为控制疾病控制结果的具体因素的相关性。允许讨论的参与性方法，共同创造和拒绝措施的选择似乎有助于实施最初被认为有争议的措施。广泛的社区方法被认为对加强社区认同是积极的，合作与实施。
