Abstract：
Athletes often experience lower airway dysfunction, such as asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), which affects more than half the athletes in some sports, not least in endurance sports. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness, alongside airway narrowing, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Early diagnosis and management are essential. Not only because untreated or poorly managed asthma and EIB potentially affects competition performance and training, but also because untreated airway inflammation can result in airway epithelial damage, remodeling, and fibrosis. Asthma and EIB do not hinder performance, as advancements in treatment strategies have made it possible for affected athletes to compete at the highest level. However, practitioners and athletes must ensure that the treatment complies with general guidelines and anti-doping regulations to prevent the risk of a doping sanction because of inadvertently exceeding specified dosing limits. In this review, we describe considerations and challenges in diagnosing and managing athletes with asthma and EIB. We also discuss challenges facing athletes with asthma and EIB, while also being subject to anti-doping regulations.
摘要：
运动员经常经历下气道功能障碍，如哮喘和运动诱导的支气管收缩（EIB），这影响了一些运动中一半以上的运动员，尤其是在耐力运动中。症状包括咳嗽,喘息,呼吸困难，除了气道狭窄，高反应性，和炎症。早期诊断和管理至关重要。不仅因为未经治疗或管理不善的哮喘和EIB可能会影响比赛表现和训练，而且因为未经治疗的气道炎症会导致气道上皮损伤，重塑，和纤维化。哮喘和EIB不妨碍表现，因为治疗策略的进步使得受影响的运动员有可能在最高水平上竞争。然而,从业人员和运动员必须确保治疗符合一般准则和反兴奋剂规定，以防止因无意中超过指定剂量限制而受到兴奋剂制裁的风险。在这次审查中,我们描述了在诊断和管理患有哮喘和EIB的运动员时的考虑因素和挑战.我们还讨论了哮喘和EIB运动员面临的挑战，同时还要遵守反兴奋剂条例。
