PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bovine mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a contagious disease characterized by chemical and physical changes in milk and pathological changes in udder tissues. Depressed immunity and higher expression of inflammatory cytokines with an elevated milk somatic cell count can be observed during mastitis in dairy cattle. The use of somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS) as correlated traits in the indirect selection of animals against mastitis resistance is in progress globally. Traditional breeding for mastitis resistance seems difficult because of the low heritability (0.10-0.16) of SCC/SCS and clinical mastitis. Thus, genetic-marker-selective breeding to improve host genetics has attracted considerable attention worldwide. Moreover, genomic selection has been found to be an effective and fast method of screening for dairy cattle that are genetically resistant and susceptible to mastitis at a very early age. The current review discusses and summarizes the candidate gene approach using polymorphisms in immune- and inflammation-linked genes (CD4, CD14, CD46, TRAPPC9, JAK2, Tf, Lf, TLRs, CXCL8, CXCR1, CXCR2, C4A, C5, MASP2, MBL1, MBL2, LBP, NCF1, NCF4, MASP2, A2M, and CLU, etc.) and their related signaling pathways (Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, and Complement and coagulation cascades, etc.) associated with mastitis resistance and susceptibility phenotypic traits (IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL17, IL8, SCS, and SCC) in dairy cattle.
摘要：
牛乳腺炎,乳腺的炎症，是一种传染性疾病，其特征是牛奶的化学和物理变化以及乳房组织的病理变化。在乳牛的乳腺炎期间，可以观察到免疫力降低和炎性细胞因子的较高表达以及乳体细胞计数升高。在针对乳腺炎抗性的动物的间接选择中，使用体细胞计数（SCC）和体细胞评分（SCS）作为相关性状正在全球范围内进行。由于SCC/SCS和临床乳腺炎的遗传率低（0.10-0.16），传统的乳腺炎抗性育种似乎很困难。因此，遗传标记选择性育种以改善宿主遗传学已引起全世界的广泛关注。此外，已发现基因组选择是一种有效且快速的方法，可以筛选具有遗传抗性且在很小的时候就容易患乳腺炎的奶牛。当前的综述讨论并总结了使用免疫和炎症相关基因中的多态性的候选基因方法（CD4，CD14，CD46，TRAPPC9，JAK2，Tf，如果,TLRs,CXCL8、CXCR1、CXCR2、C4A、C5，MASP2，MBL1，MBL2，LBP，NCF1,NCF4,MASP2,A2M,和CLU,等。)及其相关信号通路(金黄色葡萄球菌感染信号，Toll样受体信号,NF-κB信号通路,细胞因子-细胞因子受体,以及补体和凝血级联，等。)与乳腺炎抗性和易感性表型性状相关(IL-6、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、IL17,IL8,SCS,和SCC）在奶牛中。
