Abstract：
The actin cytoskeleton impacts practically every function of a eukaryotic cell. Historically, the best-characterized cytoskeletal activities are in cell morphogenesis, motility, and division. The structural and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton are also crucial for establishing, maintaining, and changing the organization of membrane-bound organelles and other intracellular structures. Such activities are important in nearly all animal cells and tissues, although distinct anatomical regions and physiological systems rely on different regulatory factors. Recent work indicates that the Arp2/3 complex, a broadly expressed actin nucleator, drives actin assembly during several intracellular stress response pathways. These newly described Arp2/3-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements are coordinated by members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation-promoting factors. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family proteins are emerging as crucial players in cytoplasmic and nuclear activities including autophagy, apoptosis, chromatin dynamics, and DNA repair. Characterizations of the functions of the actin assembly machinery in such stress response mechanisms are advancing our understanding of both normal and pathogenic processes, and hold great promise for providing insights into organismal development and interventions for disease.
摘要：
肌动蛋白细胞骨架实际上影响真核细胞的每个功能。历史上,最典型的细胞骨架活动是细胞形态发生，运动性,和分裂。肌动蛋白细胞骨架的结构和动力学特性对于建立肌动蛋白细胞骨架也至关重要，维护,改变膜结合细胞器和其他细胞内结构的组织。这种活动在几乎所有的动物细胞和组织中都很重要，尽管不同的解剖区域和生理系统依赖于不同的调节因素。最近的工作表明，Arp2/3复合物，一种广泛表达的肌动蛋白成核剂，在几种细胞内应激反应途径中驱动肌动蛋白组装。这些新描述的Arp2/3介导的细胞骨架重排由肌动蛋白成核促进因子的Wiskott-Aldrich综合征蛋白（WASP）家族成员协调。因此，Arp2/3复合物和WASP家族蛋白正在成为细胞质和核活动中的关键参与者，包括自噬，凋亡，染色质动力学，DNA修复在这种应激反应机制中，肌动蛋白组装机制的功能特征正在促进我们对正常和致病过程的理解。并为提供有关机体发育和疾病干预措施的见解提供了巨大的希望。
