Abstract：
The hormones human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, estrogen and four of its metabolites (estradiol, estrone, estriol, estetrol), as well as relaxin play an essential role in the development of the fetus during the first trimester. Imbalances in these hormones during the first trimester have been directly linked to miscarriages. However, frequent monitoring of the hormones is limited by the current conventional centralized analytical tools that do not allow a rapid response time. Electrochemical sensing is considered an ideal tool to detect hormones owing to its advantages such as quick response, user-friendliness, low economic costs, and possibility of use in point-of-care settings. Electrochemical detection of pregnancy hormones is an emerging field that has been demonstrated primarily at research level. Thus, it is timely with a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of the reported detection techniques. This is the first extensive review focusing on the advances related to electrochemical detection of hormones linked to the first trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, this review offers insights into the main challenges that must be addressed imminently to ensure progress from research to clinical applications.
摘要：
荷尔蒙人绒毛膜促性腺激素，黄体酮,雌激素及其四种代谢物(雌二醇，estrone,雌三醇,雌四醇),以及松弛素在妊娠早期胎儿的发育中起着至关重要的作用。在孕早期，这些激素的失衡与流产直接相关。然而,激素的频繁监测受到当前传统的集中分析工具的限制，这些工具不允许快速的响应时间。电化学传感被认为是一个理想的工具来检测激素由于其优点，如快速响应，用户友好性，经济成本低,以及在即时护理环境中使用的可能性。妊娠激素的电化学检测是一个新兴领域，主要在研究水平上得到了证明。因此，及时全面概述了报告的检测技术的特点。这是第一个广泛的综述，重点是与怀孕前三个月相关的激素的电化学检测相关的进展。此外,这篇综述提供了对主要挑战的见解，这些挑战必须立即解决，以确保从研究到临床应用的进展。
