PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but lethal infection of the brain caused by a eukaryote called Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri). The aim of this review is to consolidate the recently published case reports of N. fowleri infection by describing its epidemiology and clinical features with the goal of ultimately disseminating this information to healthcare personnel.
A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID databases until 31 December 2022 by two independent reviewers. All studies from the year 2013 were extracted, and quality assessments were carried out meticulously prior to their inclusion in the final analysis.
A total of 21 studies were selected for qualitative analyses out of the 461 studies extracted. The cases were distributed globally, and 72.7% of the cases succumbed to mortality. The youngest case was an 11-day-old boy, while the eldest was a 75-year-old. Significant exposure to freshwater either from recreational activities or from a habit of irrigating the nostrils preceded onset. The symptoms at early presentation included fever, headache, and vomiting, while late sequalae showed neurological manifestation. An accurate diagnosis remains a challenge, as the symptoms mimic bacterial meningitis. Confirmatory tests include the direct visualisation of the amoeba or the use of the polymerase chain reaction method.
N. fowleri infection is rare but leads to PAM. Its occurrence is worldwide with a significant risk of fatality. The suggested probable case definition based on the findings is the acute onset of fever, headache, and vomiting with meningeal symptoms following exposure to freshwater within the previous 14 days. Continuous health promotion and health education activities for the public can help to improve knowledge and awareness prior to engagement in freshwater activities.
A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID databases until 31 December 2022 by two independent reviewers. All studies from the year 2013 were extracted, and quality assessments were carried out meticulously prior to their inclusion in the final analysis.
A total of 21 studies were selected for qualitative analyses out of the 461 studies extracted. The cases were distributed globally, and 72.7% of the cases succumbed to mortality. The youngest case was an 11-day-old boy, while the eldest was a 75-year-old. Significant exposure to freshwater either from recreational activities or from a habit of irrigating the nostrils preceded onset. The symptoms at early presentation included fever, headache, and vomiting, while late sequalae showed neurological manifestation. An accurate diagnosis remains a challenge, as the symptoms mimic bacterial meningitis. Confirmatory tests include the direct visualisation of the amoeba or the use of the polymerase chain reaction method.
N. fowleri infection is rare but leads to PAM. Its occurrence is worldwide with a significant risk of fatality. The suggested probable case definition based on the findings is the acute onset of fever, headache, and vomiting with meningeal symptoms following exposure to freshwater within the previous 14 days. Continuous health promotion and health education activities for the public can help to improve knowledge and awareness prior to engagement in freshwater activities.
摘要：
背景：原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎（PAM）是一种罕见但致命的大脑感染，由一种名为Naegleriafowleri的真核生物引起（N.fowleri).本综述的目的是通过描述其流行病学和临床特征来巩固最近发表的鸡传染性猪瘟感染病例报告，目的是最终将这些信息传播给医护人员。
方法：使用PubMed进行了全面的文献检索，WebofScience,Scopus,和OVID数据库，直到2022年12月31日由两名独立审稿人提供。提取了2013年的所有研究，在将其纳入最终分析之前，对质量进行了精心评估。
结果：在提取的461项研究中，共选择了21项研究进行定性分析。这些病例分布在全球，72.7%的病例死于死亡。最小的病例是一个11天大的男孩,而最大的是75岁。由于娱乐活动或在发病前灌溉鼻孔的习惯，大量接触淡水。早期症状包括发烧，头痛,呕吐,而晚期后遗症表现为神经系统表现。准确的诊断仍然是一个挑战，症状类似细菌性脑膜炎。确认测试包括变形虫的直接可视化或使用聚合酶链反应方法。
结论：N.fowleri感染是罕见的，但导致PAM。它的发生在世界范围内具有重大的死亡风险。根据研究结果，建议的可能病例定义是发烧的急性发作，头痛,以及在过去14天内接触淡水后出现脑膜症状的呕吐。针对公众的持续健康促进和健康教育活动可以帮助在参与淡水活动之前提高知识和意识。
方法：使用PubMed进行了全面的文献检索，
结果：在提取的461项研究中，共选择了21项研究进行定性分析。
结论：N.
