Abstract：
Abnormalities in position and/or branching of the aortic arch can lead to vascular rings that may cause narrowing of the tracheal lumen due to external compression, or constriction of the oesophagus, causing symptoms that vary in relation to the anatomical vascular pattern and the relationship between these structures. Respiratory morbidity related to external airways compression is a major concern in children affected by vascular rings. Clinical presentation depends on the severity of the tracheal lumen reduction and the presence of associated tracheomalacia. Recurrent respiratory infections, wheezing, atelectasis, and hyperinflation are mostly reported. As they are nonspecific and therefore difficult to recognize, attention should be given to all children with history of respiratory distress, extubation failure, noisy breathing, and recurrent respiratory infections. Early diagnosis and referral to specialized centres can prevent the long-term complications and improve the respiratory outcomes of these patients.
摘要：
主动脉弓的位置和/或分支的异常可导致血管环，这可能会由于外部压迫而导致气管腔变窄。或食管收缩，引起的症状与解剖血管模式和这些结构之间的关系有关。与外部气道压缩相关的呼吸道发病率是受血管环影响的儿童的主要问题。临床表现取决于气管管腔减少的严重程度和相关气管软化的存在。反复呼吸道感染,喘息,肺不张,恶性通货膨胀大多被报道。由于它们是非特异性的，因此很难识别，应注意所有有呼吸窘迫史的儿童，拔管失败,嘈杂的呼吸，和反复呼吸道感染。早期诊断和转诊到专业中心可以预防长期并发症并改善这些患者的呼吸预后。
