Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate fungal diversity and biosurfactant-producing fungi in four oil-contaminated sites.
RESULTS: Water and sediment samples were collected from four sites in Brittany (France), over two periods, in winter/spring and summer. Fungal diversity was investigated using a metagenetic approach targeting the ITS2 region. Surface-active compound production of 701 fungal isolates collected from these samples after direct plating or following enrichment was assessed using oil spreading and Parafilm M tests. Fungal communities were highly diverse and the main dominant fungal taxa were members of the Cladosporium, Penicillium, Pseudeurotium, Phoma, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma as well as Ochroconis, Fusicolla, and Aureobasidium genera in specific sites. A total of 179 isolates (25.5% of total isolates) were positive to at least one of the screening tests, while 105 were positive to both tests. Major genera among the positive isolates were Fusarium, Trichoderma, Candida, and Penicillium. Six isolates belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans, Mucor griseocyanus, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichodermalongibrachiatum, and Diaporthe eres showed promising activities.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlighted the fungal diversity of oil-contaminated environments and the fact that surface-active compound production is widespread in fungi originating from these habitats.
RESULTS: Water and sediment samples were collected from four sites in Brittany (France), over two periods, in winter/spring and summer. Fungal diversity was investigated using a metagenetic approach targeting the ITS2 region. Surface-active compound production of 701 fungal isolates collected from these samples after direct plating or following enrichment was assessed using oil spreading and Parafilm M tests. Fungal communities were highly diverse and the main dominant fungal taxa were members of the Cladosporium, Penicillium, Pseudeurotium, Phoma, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma as well as Ochroconis, Fusicolla, and Aureobasidium genera in specific sites. A total of 179 isolates (25.5% of total isolates) were positive to at least one of the screening tests, while 105 were positive to both tests. Major genera among the positive isolates were Fusarium, Trichoderma, Candida, and Penicillium. Six isolates belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans, Mucor griseocyanus, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichodermalongibrachiatum, and Diaporthe eres showed promising activities.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlighted the fungal diversity of oil-contaminated environments and the fact that surface-active compound production is widespread in fungi originating from these habitats.
摘要：
目的：研究4个石油污染地点的真菌多样性和产生生物表面活性剂的真菌。
结果：从布列塔尼（法国）的四个地点收集了水和沉积物样品，在两个时期内，在冬季/春季和夏季。使用靶向ITS2区域的诱变方法研究了真菌多样性。使用油铺展和ParafilmM测试评估在直接铺板或富集后从这些样品中收集的701种真菌分离物的表面活性化合物的产生。真菌群落高度多样化，主要的优势真菌类群是枝孢菌的成员，青霉,假尿嘧啶,Phoma,曲霉菌,和木霉以及Ochroconis,Fusicolla,和特定位点的奥氏体属。共有179株(占总分离株的25.5%)对至少一项筛选试验呈阳性,而105对两项测试均呈阳性。阳性分离株中主要属镰刀菌，木霉,念珠菌,和青霉菌。6个分离株属于出芽的小孢子菌,灰铜，雪力木霉,哈茨木霉,毛霉，和Diaportheeres显示出有希望的活动。
结论：本研究强调了受石油污染的环境中的真菌多样性，以及表面活性化合物生产在源自这些生境的真菌中普遍存在的事实。
结果：从布列塔尼（法国）的四个地点收集了水和沉积物样品，在两个时期内，在冬季/春季和夏季。使用靶向ITS2区域的诱变方法研究了真菌多样性。使用油铺展和ParafilmM测试评估在直接铺板或富集后从这些样品中收集的701种真菌分离物的表面活性化合物的产生。真菌群落高度多样化，主要的优势真菌类群是枝孢菌的成员，青霉,假尿嘧啶,Phoma,曲霉菌,和木霉以及Ochroconis,Fusicolla,和特定位点的奥氏体属。共有179株(占总分离株的25.5%)对至少一项筛选试验呈阳性,而105对两项测试均呈阳性。阳性分离株中主要属镰刀菌，木霉,念珠菌,和青霉菌。6个分离株属于出芽的小孢子菌,灰铜，雪力木霉,哈茨木霉,毛霉，和Diaportheeres显示出有希望的活动。
结论：本研究强调了受石油污染的环境中的真菌多样性，以及表面活性化合物生产在源自这些生境的真菌中普遍存在的事实。
