Abstract：
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype species of the Parapoxvirus genus, is an important zoonotic virus, causing great economic losses in livestock production. At present, there are no effective drugs for orf treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic approaches for ORFV. Over decades, various diagnostic methods have been established, including conventional methods such as virus isolation and electron microscopy; serological methods such as virus neutralization test (VNT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. This review provides an overview of currently available diagnostic approaches for ORFV and discusses their advantages and limitations and future perspectives, which would be significantly helpful for ORFV early diagnosis and surveillance to prevent outbreak of orf. KEY POINTS: • Orf virus emerged and reemerged in past years • Rapid and efficient diagnostic approaches are needed and critical for ORFV detection • Novel and sensitive diagnostic methods are required for ORFV detection.
摘要：
orf病毒(ORFV),副痘病毒属的原型种，是一种重要的人畜共患病毒，给畜牧业生产造成巨大的经济损失。目前,没有有效的药物治疗orf。因此,开发准确、快速的ORFV诊断方法至关重要。几十年来，已经建立了各种诊断方法，包括常规方法，如病毒分离和电子显微镜;血清学方法，如病毒中和试验（VNT），免疫组织化学（IHC）测定，免疫荧光分析（IFA），和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）；和分子方法，如聚合酶链反应（PCR），实时PCR，环介导等温扩增(LAMP),重组酶聚合酶扩增（RPA），和重组酶辅助扩增(RAA)测定。这篇综述概述了目前可用的ORFV诊断方法，并讨论了它们的优势和局限性以及未来的前景。这将大大有助于ORFV的早期诊断和监测，以防止orf的爆发。关键点:•在过去几年中出现并重新出现的Orf病毒•需要快速有效的诊断方法,并且对于ORFV检测至关重要•ORFV检测需要新颖且灵敏的诊断方法。
