Abstract：
The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is a regional abdominal wall block that has been effectively used as an adjunct to alleviate postoperative pain. The ultrasound-guided TAP (USTAP) administered by anesthesiologists is the gold standard and has been effective for surgeries involving abdominal wall incisions. Recently, the TAP block has been administered by surgeons with the help of direct visualization during minimally invasive surgery. The surgeon-administered or laparoscopic-guided TAP block has been compared to the USTAP with no discernible difference in patient outcomes. Also, directly visualizing the injection in the surgeon-administered block can offset complications such as visceral injury and block failure (injectate in the wrong plane). This review explores the literature\'s surgeon-administered TAP blocks for minimally invasive surgery in the literature. In addition, the prerequisite anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall, various approaches, and other factors that influence the efficacy of the block are described to increase awareness of this analgesic tool among surgeons and achieve better postoperative pain management.
摘要：
腹横肌平面（TAP）阻滞是一种区域性腹壁阻滞，已有效地用作减轻术后疼痛的辅助手段。由麻醉师进行的超声引导的TAP（USTAP）是金标准，对于涉及腹壁切口的手术是有效的。最近,TAP阻滞是由外科医生在微创手术过程中直接可视化的帮助下进行的.已将外科医生管理或腹腔镜引导的TAP阻滞与USTAP进行了比较，患者结局没有明显差异。此外，在外科医生给药的阻滞中直接观察注射可以抵消并发症,例如内脏损伤和阻滞失败(在错误的平面注射).这篇综述探讨了文献中外科医生管理的TAP阻滞用于微创手术的文献。此外,前外侧腹壁的前提解剖，各种方法，和其他影响阻滞疗效的因素被描述为提高外科医生对这种镇痛工具的认识，并实现更好的术后疼痛管理。
