Abstract：
Flaxseed is a functional food because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid, lignans, and dietary fiber. We hypothesized that flaxseed supplementation would improve cardiometabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, clinical trials have shown conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of flaxseed supplementation in patients with T2DM. Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase until 25 March 2022. A total of 13 studies were included, and the results showed that flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in participants with T2DM compared with the control group. In contrast, it had no effects on body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and lipid parameters. In the subgroup analyses, FBG was significantly reduced with supplementation of flaxseed in participants with baseline FBG ≥8.0 mmol/L or baseline HbA1c ≥7.0%. And a significant decrease in HbA1c in participants with baseline HbA1c ≥7.0% after flaxseed supplementation. In addition, subgroup analyses indicated that whole flaxseed supplementation significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in participants with T2DM. In conclusion, flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced HbA1c in participants with T2DM, especially those with poorly controlled blood sugar levels. However, larger scale studies with better designs are needed to confirm insignificant and/or ambiguous findings.
摘要：
亚麻籽是一种功能性食品，因为它含有高含量的α-亚麻酸，木脂素,和膳食纤维。我们假设补充亚麻籽可以改善2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的心脏代谢参数；然而，临床试验显示出相互矛盾的结果.因此,本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在确定亚麻籽补充剂对T2DM患者的影响.在PubMed中系统地搜索了随机对照试验，WebofScience,Scopus,科克伦图书馆,和Embase直到2022年3月25日。共纳入13项研究，结果表明，与对照组相比，补充亚麻籽可显著降低T2DM参与者的血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）。相比之下,对体重没有影响,身体质量指数,血压,空腹血糖（FBG），胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估，定量胰岛素敏感性检查指标，和脂质参数。在亚组分析中，基线FBG≥8.0mmol/L或基线HbA1c≥7.0%的参与者补充亚麻籽后，FBG显著降低。补充亚麻籽后，基线HbA1c≥7.0％的参与者的HbA1c显着下降。此外,亚组分析显示,在T2DM参与者中,全亚麻籽补充剂显著增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,降低总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇.总之,补充亚麻籽可显著降低T2DM患者的HbA1c，尤其是那些血糖水平控制不佳的人。然而,需要更大规模的研究和更好的设计来确认无关紧要和/或模棱两可的发现.
