Abstract：
Human factors is an evidence-based scientific discipline used in safety critical industries to improve safety and worker well-being. The implementation of human factors strategies in anaesthesia has the potential to reduce the reliance on exceptional personal and team performance to provide safe and high-quality patient care. To encourage the adoption of human factors science in anaesthesia, the Difficult Airway Society and the Association of Anaesthetists established a Working Party, including anaesthetists and operating theatre team members with human factors expertise and/or interest, plus a human factors scientist, an industrial psychologist and an experimental psychologist/implementation scientist. A three-stage Delphi process was used to formulate a set of 12 recommendations: these are described using a \'hierarchy of controls\' model and classified into design, barriers, mitigations and education and training strategies. Although most anaesthetic knowledge of human factors concerns non-technical skills, such as teamwork and communication, human factors is a broad-based scientific discipline with many other additional aspects that are just as important. Indeed, the human factors strategies most likely to have the greatest impact are those related to the design of safe working environments, equipment and systems. While our recommendations are primarily provided for anaesthetists and the teams they work with, there are likely to be lessons for others working in healthcare beyond the speciality of anaesthesia.
摘要：
人为因素是一门基于证据的科学学科，用于安全关键行业，以改善安全和工人福祉。在麻醉中实施人为因素策略有可能减少对特殊个人和团队绩效的依赖，以提供安全和高质量的患者护理。鼓励在麻醉中采用人为因素科学，困难气道协会和麻醉师协会成立了一个工作组，包括具有人为因素专业知识和/或兴趣的麻醉师和手术室团队成员，加上一个人为因素的科学家，工业心理学家和实验心理学家/实施科学家。使用三阶段Delphi过程来制定一组12个建议：这些建议使用“控制层次结构”模型进行描述，并分类为设计，障碍,缓解措施以及教育和培训策略。尽管大多数关于人为因素的麻醉知识都涉及非技术技能，如团队合作和沟通，人为因素是一门基础广泛的科学学科，还有许多其他方面同样重要。的确,最有可能产生最大影响的人为因素策略是与安全工作环境设计有关的策略，设备和系统。虽然我们的建议主要是为麻醉师和他们合作的团队提供的，除了麻醉专业之外，其他从事医疗保健工作的人可能会有一些教训。
