Abstract：
In recent years, plastic waste has become a universally significant environmental problem. Ingestion of food and water contaminated with microplastics is the main route of human exposure. Fishery products are an important source of microplastics in the human diet. Once ingested, microplastics reach the gastrointestinal tract and can be absorbed causing oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and translocation to other tissues. Furthermore, microplastics can release chemical substances (organic and inorganic) present in their matrix or previously absorbed from the environment and act as carriers of microorganisms. Additives present in microplastics such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and potentially toxic elements can be harmful for humans. However, to date, the data we have are not sufficient to perform a reliable assessment of the risks to human health. Further studies on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of microplastics in humans are needed.
摘要：
近年来,塑料废物已成为一个普遍的重大环境问题。摄入被微塑料污染的食物和水是人类接触的主要途径。渔业产品是人类饮食中微塑料的重要来源。一旦摄入，微塑料到达胃肠道，可以被吸收，引起氧化应激，细胞毒性，并转移到其他组织。此外，微塑料可以释放存在于其基质中或先前从环境中吸收的化学物质（有机和无机），并充当微生物的载体。微塑料中存在的添加剂，如多溴二苯醚(PBDE)，双酚A(BPA),壬基酚(NP),辛基苯酚（OP），潜在的有毒元素可能对人类有害。然而,到目前为止,我们掌握的数据不足以对人类健康的风险进行可靠的评估。需要进一步研究微塑料在人体中的毒物动力学和毒性。
