PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Since the proposition of the pro-invasive activity of proteolytic enzymes over 70 years ago, several roles for proteases in cancer progression have been established. About half of the 473 active human proteases are expressed in the prostate and many of the most well-characterized members of this enzyme family are regulated by androgens, hormones essential for development of prostate cancer. Most notably, several kallikrein-related peptidases, including KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA), the most well-known prostate cancer marker, and type II transmembrane serine proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and matriptase, have been extensively studied and found to promote prostate cancer progression. Recent findings also suggest a critical role for proteases in the development of advanced and aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Perhaps the most intriguing evidence for this role comes from studies showing that the protease-activated transmembrane proteins, Notch and CDCP1, are associated with the development of CRPC. Here, we review the roles of proteases in prostate cancer, with a special focus on their regulation by androgens.
摘要：
自从70多年前提出蛋白水解酶的促侵入活性以来，已经确定了蛋白酶在癌症进展中的几种作用.大约一半的473活性人类蛋白酶在前列腺中表达，并且该酶家族中许多最明确的成员受雄激素调节，前列腺癌发展所必需的激素。最值得注意的是,几种激肽释放酶相关肽酶，包括KLK3（前列腺特异性抗原，PSA),最著名的前列腺癌标志物,和II型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶，如TMPRSS2和间质蛋白酶，已被广泛研究，并发现促进前列腺癌的进展。最近的发现还表明，蛋白酶在晚期和侵袭性去势抵抗前列腺癌（CRPC）的发展中起着关键作用。也许最有趣的证据来自研究表明蛋白酶激活的跨膜蛋白，Notch和CDCP1与CRPC的发展有关。这里,我们综述了蛋白酶在前列腺癌中的作用,特别关注雄激素对它们的调节。
