Abstract：
This study aimed to compare impact loading between two age groups of preschool children (3-4 and 5-6 years old) and one group of young adults representing mature level of running skill (n = 15 per group). Three-dimensional biomechanical data were collected during running barefoot, in minimalist and running shoes. A two-way mixed ANOVA was performed to assess age and footwear differences in vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR). An interaction was found in VILR. Older (5-6) preschoolers had 30-31% lower VILR than younger (3-4) (p = 0.012, d = 1.02; p = 0.001, d = 1.18) and adults had 51-77% lower VILR than younger preschoolers (p = 0.001, d = 1.85; p = 0.001, d = 2.82) in minimalist and running shoes, respectively. Additionally, adults had lower VILR than older preschoolers in running shoes (p = 0.001, d = 2.68). No differences were found between older children and adults in barefoot and minimalist shoes. Loading decreased with increasing age, particularly in minimalist and running shoes. Unchanged cadence and running speed did not explain the decrease of VILR during preschool age. The explanation likely underlies in lower limb alignment during footstrike and developmental ontogenetic changes.
摘要：
这项研究旨在比较两个年龄组的学龄前儿童（3-4岁和5-6岁）和一组代表成熟跑步技能水平的年轻人（每组n=15）之间的冲击负荷。收集赤脚跑步过程中的三维生物力学数据，在极简主义和跑鞋。进行了双向混合方差分析以评估垂直瞬时负荷率（VILR）的年龄和鞋类差异。在VILR中发现了相互作用。在极简主义和跑鞋中，年龄较大的（5-6岁）学龄前儿童的VILR比年龄较小的（3-4岁）高30-31％（p=0.012，d=1.02；p=0.001，d=1.18），成年人的VILR比年龄较小的学龄前儿童高51-77％（p=0.001，d=1.85；p=0.001，d=2.82）分别。此外,成人跑鞋的VILR低于老年学龄前儿童(p=0.001,d=2.68).年龄较大的儿童和成年人在赤脚和极简主义鞋子上没有发现差异。随着年龄的增长，负荷减少，特别是极简主义和跑鞋。不变的节奏和跑步速度不能解释学龄前VILR的降低。这种解释可能是在足踢和发育个体发育变化期间下肢对齐的基础。
