Abstract：
The development of green and miniature extraction methods is always a major and controversial challenge in the field of sample preparation. In this work, in-tube gel electromembrane extraction (IT-G-EME) was developed as a miniaturized extraction device for the extraction of six narcotic drugs (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol, thebaine, and noscapine) from biological samples. A transparent capillary tube (∼6 cm) was used as a microextraction unit. The middle part of the tube was filled with a narrow plug (∼3 mm) of the agarose gel (3.0% w/v) as a membrane and the other sides were filled with aqueous extractant solution (pH 2.0, 20 µL) and sample solution (pH 5.0, 200 µL). By applying electrical potential (400 V), the target drugs with positive charge were migrated from sample solution toward the extractant solution through gel membrane during short extraction time (5 min). Then, the enriched analytes in extractant solution was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear within the permissible range of 10.0-1500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.991). Limits of detection and extraction recoveries were in the range of 3.0-4.5 ng/mL and 61.9-86.9%, respectively. On the basis of four replications, the repeatability of the method was also evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-day RSDs (%), which did not exceed from 6.6 and 7.9%, respectively in aqueous media. The figures of merit were also assessed in biological samples. Eventually, the developed method was profitably used for simultaneous determination of narcotic drugs in the real urine and plasma samples.
摘要：
绿色和微型提取方法的开发一直是样品制备领域中的主要且有争议的挑战。在这项工作中,管内凝胶电膜提取（IT-G-EME）被开发为一种微型提取装置，用于提取六种麻醉药品（可待因，羟考酮,氢可酮,曲马多,蒂贝恩,和noscapine）来自生物样本。一个透明的毛细管(~6cm)被用作微萃取单元。管的中间部分填充有琼脂糖凝胶（3.0％w/v）的窄塞（〜3mm）作为膜，另一侧填充有水性提取剂溶液（pH2.0，20μL）和样品溶液（pH5.0，200μL）。通过施加电势（400V），在较短的提取时间（5分钟）内，带正电荷的目标药物通过凝胶膜从样品溶液向提取剂溶液迁移。然后，通过HPLC-UV分析萃取剂溶液中富集的分析物。在优化条件下,校准曲线在10.0-1500ng/mL（r2≥0.991）的允许范围内呈线性关系。检测和提取回收率在3.0-4.5ng/mL和61.9-86.9％范围内，分别。在四个重复的基础上，还根据日内和日间RSD（％）评估了该方法的可重复性，不超过6.6%和7.9%，分别在水介质中。还在生物样品中评估了品质因数。最终,所开发的方法可用于同时测定真实尿液和血浆样品中的麻醉药品。
