Abstract：
Priming is used as a method to improve plant growth and alleviate the detrimental effects of pathogens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different priming methods in the context of resistance to Aspergillus niger in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, we show that different priming treatments—viz., hydropriming, osmotic priming, halopriming, and hormonal priming techniques can induce disease resistance by improving the biochemical contents of wheat, including chlorophyll, protein, proline, and sugar. In addition, physiological parameters—such as root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root/shoot ratios, and relative water content were positively affected by these priming methods. In essence, hydropriming and osmotic priming treatments were found to be more potent for enhancing wheat biochemical contents, along with all the physiological parameters, and for reducing disease severity. Hydropriming and osmotic priming significantly decreased disease severity, by 70.59−75.00% and 64.71−88.33%, respectively. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analyses of potentially important pathogenesis-related (PR)-protein genes (Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase) in primed plants were evaluated: β-1,3-glucanase was most highly expressed in all primed plants; Chitinase and TLP exhibited higher expression in hormonal-, halo-, osmotic-, and hydro-primed plants, respectively. These results suggest that the higher expression of β-1,3-glucanase, TLP, and chitinase after hydropriming and osmotic priming may increase disease resistance in wheat. Our study demonstrates the greater potential of hydropriming and osmotic priming for alleviating stress caused by A. niger inoculation, and enhancing resistance to it, in addition to significantly improving plant growth. Thus, these priming methods could be beneficial for better plant growth and disease resistance in other plants.
摘要：
引发被用作改善植物生长和减轻病原体的有害影响的方法。进行本研究是为了评估不同引发方法在小麦（TriticumaestivumL.）对黑曲霉抗性的影响。这里,我们表明，不同的启动处理-即。,水灌注,渗透引发，halopriming,激素引发技术可以通过提高小麦的生化含量来诱导抗病性，包括叶绿素,蛋白质，脯氨酸,还有糖.此外,生理参数，如根长，射击长度,新鲜和干燥根/茎比，相对含水量受到这些引发方法的积极影响。实质上,发现水引发和渗透引发处理对提高小麦生化含量更有效，以及所有的生理参数，并降低疾病的严重程度。水引发和渗透引发显着降低疾病的严重程度，70.59-75.00%和64.71-88.33%，分别。潜在重要的发病相关（PR）蛋白基因的RT-PCR和定量实时PCR分析（Thaumatin-likeprotein（TLP），几丁质酶，和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶）在引发的植物中进行了评估：β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在所有引发的植物中表达最高；几丁质酶和TLP在激素中表现出更高的表达-Halo-,渗透-,和水力发电厂，分别。这些结果表明，β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的高表达， TLP,水引发和渗透引发后的几丁质酶可能会增加小麦的抗病性。我们的研究表明，水引发和渗透引发对减轻黑曲霉接种引起的压力的更大潜力，增强对它的抵抗力，除了显著改善植物生长。因此，这些引发方法可能有利于其他植物更好的生长和抗病性。
