Abstract：
Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field. The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to possess natural pluripotency that confers the ability to differentiate into various tissues in vivo and in vitro. These notable characteristics can be useful for research and innovative applications, including biomedicine, agriculture and industry. Transcription factors play a crucial role in preserving stem cell self-renewal, whereas growth factors are involved in both growth and differentiation. However, to date, many questions concerning pluripotency, cellular differentiation regulator genes, and other molecules such as growth factors and their interactions in many mammalian species remain unresolved. The purpose of this review is to provide an overall review regarding the study of ESCs in mammals and briefly discuss the role of transcription and growth factors.
摘要：
哺乳动物代表了全球文化中的相关物种，具有重要的商业价值。这些动物被认为是生物医学和生物技术研究的有吸引力的大型动物模型。大型动物实验模型的开发可能为研究干细胞（SC）生理学和在兽医领域的潜在应用开辟了替代策略。已知胚胎干细胞(ESC)具有天然多能性,其赋予在体内和体外分化成各种组织的能力。这些显着的特征可以用于研究和创新应用，包括生物医学，农业和工业。转录因子在保持干细胞自我更新中起着至关重要的作用。而生长因子参与生长和分化。然而,到目前为止,许多关于多能性的问题，细胞分化调节基因，和其他分子如生长因子及其在许多哺乳动物物种中的相互作用仍未解决。这篇综述的目的是提供有关哺乳动物ESCs研究的全面综述，并简要讨论转录和生长因子的作用。
