Abstract：
National Immunization Technical Advisory Committees (NITAGs) are tasked with the responsibility of guiding ministries of health and national immunization programmes in their policy development processes. Many NITAGs rely on evidence reviewed by the World Health Organization\'s (WHO) Strategic Group of Experts(SAGE) on immunization and aim to adapt WHO\'s recommendations to their respective contexts. This relationship took on exceptional importance since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which NITAGs have expressed a notable struggle to craft appropriate policies on population prioritization and vaccine utilization in the face of supply constraints and complex programmatic and delivery logistics. This online survey was conducted to assess the usefulness of the SAGE guidance documents for COVID-19 vaccine policies and to examine the persisting needs and challenges facing NITAGs. Results confirmed that SAGE recommendations concerning COVID-19 vaccines are easy to access, understand, and adapt. They have been found to be comprehensive and timely under the data and time constrained circumstances confronting SAGE. The Global NITAG Network (GNN) appears to be the most popular vehicle for addressing questions among high income countries, in contrast to lower income countries who favour WHO Country or Regional Offices. NITAGs place much value on interaction with other NITAGs, which requires facilitation and could benefit from increased opportunities, especially within regions. It is further noted that some NITAGs have had to tackle issues during the pandemic not typically considered by SAGE, such as supply chain logistics and vaccine demand. Learning from the COVID-19 experience offers opportunities to strengthen NITAGs and the pandemic recovery effort through the development of more concrete procedures and consideration of more varied types of data, including implementation effectiveness and uptake data. There is also an opportunity for an increasing involvement of Country Office WHO personnel to support NITAGs, while ensuring information and evidence needs of countries are adequately reflected in SAGE deliberations.
摘要：
国家免疫技术咨询委员会（NITAG）的任务是指导卫生部和国家免疫计划的政策制定过程。许多NITAG依赖于世界卫生组织（WHO）免疫战略专家组（SAGE）审查的证据，旨在使WHO的建议适应各自的情况。自从COVID-19大流行以来，这种关系变得格外重要，在此期间，面对供应限制和复杂的计划和交付物流，NITAG在制定关于人口优先次序和疫苗利用的适当政策方面表现出了显著的斗争。进行这项在线调查是为了评估SAGE指导文件对COVID-19疫苗政策的有用性，并研究NITAG面临的持续需求和挑战。结果证实，SAGE关于COVID-19疫苗的建议很容易获得，理解,和适应。在SAGE面临的数据和时间有限的情况下，发现它们是全面和及时的。全球NITAG网络（GNN）似乎是解决高收入国家问题的最受欢迎的工具，与支持世卫组织国家或区域办事处的低收入国家形成鲜明对比。NITAG非常重视与其他NITAG的互动，这需要便利，并可以从增加的机会中受益，尤其是在区域内。进一步注意到，一些NITAG不得不在大流行期间解决SAGE通常不考虑的问题，如供应链物流和疫苗需求。借鉴COVID-19的经验，通过制定更具体的程序和考虑更多不同类型的数据，为加强NITAG和大流行恢复工作提供了机会，包括实施有效性和吸收数据。世卫组织国家办事处人员也有机会越来越多地参与支持NITAG，同时确保各国的信息和证据需求在SAGE审议中得到充分反映。
