Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological criminology refers to health issues affecting incarcerated and nonincarcerated offender populations, a group recognized as being challenging to conduct research with. Notwithstanding this, an urgent need exists for new knowledge and interventions to improve heath, justice, and social outcomes for this marginalized population.
OBJECTIVE: To better understand research outputs in the field of epidemiological criminology, we examined the lead author\'s affiliation by analyzing peer-reviewed published outputs to determine countries and organizations (eg, universities, governmental and nongovernmental organizations) responsible for peer-reviewed publications.
METHODS: We used a semiautomated approach to examine the first-author affiliations of 23,904 PubMed epidemiological studies related to incarcerated and offender populations published in English between 1946 and 2021. We also mapped research outputs to the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index to better understand whether there was a relationship between research outputs and the overall standard of a country\'s justice system.
RESULTS: Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark) had the highest research outputs proportional to their incarcerated population, followed by Australia. University-affiliated first authors comprised 73.3% of published articles, with the Karolinska Institute (Sweden) being the most published, followed by the University of New South Wales (Australia). Government-affiliated first authors were on 8.9% of published outputs, and prison-affiliated groups were on 1%. Countries with the lowest research outputs also had the lowest scores on the Rule of Law Index.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important information on who is publishing research in the epidemiological criminology field. This has implications for promoting research diversity, independence, funding equity, and partnerships between universities and government departments that control access to incarcerated and offending populations.
OBJECTIVE: To better understand research outputs in the field of epidemiological criminology, we examined the lead author\'s affiliation by analyzing peer-reviewed published outputs to determine countries and organizations (eg, universities, governmental and nongovernmental organizations) responsible for peer-reviewed publications.
METHODS: We used a semiautomated approach to examine the first-author affiliations of 23,904 PubMed epidemiological studies related to incarcerated and offender populations published in English between 1946 and 2021. We also mapped research outputs to the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index to better understand whether there was a relationship between research outputs and the overall standard of a country\'s justice system.
RESULTS: Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark) had the highest research outputs proportional to their incarcerated population, followed by Australia. University-affiliated first authors comprised 73.3% of published articles, with the Karolinska Institute (Sweden) being the most published, followed by the University of New South Wales (Australia). Government-affiliated first authors were on 8.9% of published outputs, and prison-affiliated groups were on 1%. Countries with the lowest research outputs also had the lowest scores on the Rule of Law Index.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important information on who is publishing research in the epidemiological criminology field. This has implications for promoting research diversity, independence, funding equity, and partnerships between universities and government departments that control access to incarcerated and offending populations.
摘要：
背景：流行病学犯罪学是指影响被监禁和非监禁罪犯人口的健康问题，一个被认为具有挑战性的小组进行研究。尽管如此,迫切需要新的知识和干预措施来改善健康，正义,以及这个边缘化人口的社会结果。
目的：为了更好地了解流行病学犯罪学领域的研究成果，我们通过分析同行评审发表的产出来确定国家和组织(例如，大学,政府和非政府组织)负责同行评审的出版物。
方法：我们使用半自动方法检查了1946年至2021年间以英语发表的23,904份PubMed流行病学研究的第一作者从属关系，这些流行病学研究涉及被监禁和罪犯人群。我们还将研究产出映射到世界正义项目法治指数，以更好地了解研究产出与一国司法系统的整体标准之间是否存在关系。
结果：北欧国家(瑞典，挪威,芬兰,和丹麦)的研究产出与其被监禁人口成比例最高，其次是澳大利亚。大学附属第一作者占已发表文章的73.3%，卡罗林斯卡研究所（瑞典）是出版最多的，其次是新南威尔士大学（澳大利亚）。政府附属的第一作者占已发表产出的8.9%，监狱附属团体占1%。研究产出最低的国家在法治指数上的得分也最低。
结论：这项研究提供了关于谁在流行病学犯罪学领域发表研究的重要信息。这对促进研究多样性具有重要意义，独立性,融资股权，以及大学和政府部门之间的伙伴关系，以控制对被监禁和冒犯人口的访问。
目的：为了更好地了解流行病学犯罪学领域的研究成果，我们通过分析同行评审发表的产出来确定国家和组织(例如，大学,政府和非政府组织)负责同行评审的出版物。
方法：我们使用半自动方法检查了1946年至2021年间以英语发表的23,904份PubMed流行病学研究的第一作者从属关系，这些流行病学研究涉及被监禁和罪犯人群。我们还将研究产出映射到世界正义项目法治指数，以更好地了解研究产出与一国司法系统的整体标准之间是否存在关系。
结果：北欧国家(瑞典，挪威,芬兰,和丹麦)的研究产出与其被监禁人口成比例最高，其次是澳大利亚。大学附属第一作者占已发表文章的73.3%，卡罗林斯卡研究所（瑞典）是出版最多的，其次是新南威尔士大学（澳大利亚）。政府附属的第一作者占已发表产出的8.9%，监狱附属团体占1%。研究产出最低的国家在法治指数上的得分也最低。
结论：这项研究提供了关于谁在流行病学犯罪学领域发表研究的重要信息。这对促进研究多样性具有重要意义，独立性,融资股权，以及大学和政府部门之间的伙伴关系，以控制对被监禁和冒犯人口的访问。
