Abstract：
This review considers the interaction of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) and co-existing contaminants, including organic contaminants, potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles. Stronger adsorption between plastic particles and co-existing contaminants can either facilitate or prevent more contaminants to enter plankton. The characteristics of MPs/NPs, such as polymer type, size, functional groups, and weathering, affect combined effects. Mixture toxicity is affected by those factors simultaneously and also affected by the type of co-existing contaminants, their concentrations, exposure time, dissolved organic matter, and surfactant. For co-exposure involving organics and metal nanoparticles, marine Skeletonema costatum generally had antagonistic effects, while marine Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Platymonas subcordiformis, and Tetraselmis chuii, showed synergistic effects. For co-exposure involving organics and PTEs, both Chlorella sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa generally demonstrated antagonistic effects. Freshwater Chlorella reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus had synergistic effects for co-exposure involving metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Zooplankton shows more unpredicted sensitivity towards the complex system. Different co-existing contaminants have different metabolism pathways. Organic contaminants could be biodegraded, which may enhance or alleviate mixture toxicity. PTEs could be adsorbed and desorbed under changing environments, and further affect the combined effects. The presence of metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles is more complicated, since some may release ion metals, increasing contaminant composition.
摘要：
这篇综述考虑了微塑料（MPs）/纳米塑料（NPs）与共存污染物的相互作用，包括有机污染物,潜在有毒元素（PTE），和金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒。塑料颗粒和共存污染物之间的更强吸附可以促进或防止更多污染物进入浮游生物。MP/NP的特征，如聚合物类型，尺寸,功能组，和风化，影响综合效果。混合物毒性同时受这些因素的影响，也受共存污染物类型的影响，他们的浓度，曝光时间,溶解的有机物，和表面活性剂。对于涉及有机物和金属纳米颗粒的共同暴露，海洋骨骼瘤一般具有拮抗作用，而海洋蛋白核小球藻，锥形虫,和Tetraselmischuii，表现出协同作用。对于涉及有机物和PTE的共同暴露，两个小球藻sp。和铜绿微囊藻通常表现出拮抗作用。淡水小球藻和斜生栅藻对涉及金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒的共暴露具有协同作用。浮游动物对复杂系统表现出更多不可预测的敏感性。不同的共存污染物具有不同的代谢途径。有机污染物可以被生物降解，可以增强或减轻混合物的毒性。在变化的环境下，PTEs可以吸附和解吸，并进一步影响综合效应。金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒的存在更为复杂，因为有些可能会释放离子金属，增加污染物成分。
