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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the frequency of alloimmunization to various blood group antibodies in pregnant women, and the risk of hemolytic disease in the fetus and newborn.
METHODS: All antenatal women, irrespective of the period of gestation or obstetric history, were included, whereas those taking anti-D immune-prophylaxis or with a history of blood transfusion were excluded. Antibody screening and identification were performed using a Bio-Rad ID microtyping system.
RESULTS: Of 2,084 antenatal females, 1,765 were D-antigen positive and 319 D-antigen negative. Sixty-five (3.119%) women alloimmunized. Out of 54 (2.591%) who had sensitized to D-antigen, 11 (0.527%) also sensitized to other antibodies. These 11 alloantibodies identified included: anti-M (n=6; 9.23%), anti-C (n=1; 3.076%), anti-E (n=1; 1.538%), anti-e (n=1; 1.538%), anti-Lewis (a) (n=1; 1.538%), and unspecified antibodies (n=1; 1.538%). Multiple antibodies were seen in four patients that combined: anti-D and anti-C (n=2; 3.076%), anti-e and anti-c (n=1; 1.538%), and anti-D and anti-G (n=1; 1.538%).
CONCLUSIONS: The rate of alloimmunization in D-antigen-negative women was high. Apart from this, the alloimmunization rate in women with bad obstetric history was very high, at 8.1%. In developing countries such as India, universal antenatal antibody screening, though desirable, may not be justified at present, as the cost and infrastructure required would be immense because of the lower alloimmunization rates in RhD antigen-positive women. However, it is necessary to impose properly formulated protocols to screen pregnant women with bad obstetric history.
METHODS: All antenatal women, irrespective of the period of gestation or obstetric history, were included, whereas those taking anti-D immune-prophylaxis or with a history of blood transfusion were excluded. Antibody screening and identification were performed using a Bio-Rad ID microtyping system.
RESULTS: Of 2,084 antenatal females, 1,765 were D-antigen positive and 319 D-antigen negative. Sixty-five (3.119%) women alloimmunized. Out of 54 (2.591%) who had sensitized to D-antigen, 11 (0.527%) also sensitized to other antibodies. These 11 alloantibodies identified included: anti-M (n=6; 9.23%), anti-C (n=1; 3.076%), anti-E (n=1; 1.538%), anti-e (n=1; 1.538%), anti-Lewis (a) (n=1; 1.538%), and unspecified antibodies (n=1; 1.538%). Multiple antibodies were seen in four patients that combined: anti-D and anti-C (n=2; 3.076%), anti-e and anti-c (n=1; 1.538%), and anti-D and anti-G (n=1; 1.538%).
CONCLUSIONS: The rate of alloimmunization in D-antigen-negative women was high. Apart from this, the alloimmunization rate in women with bad obstetric history was very high, at 8.1%. In developing countries such as India, universal antenatal antibody screening, though desirable, may not be justified at present, as the cost and infrastructure required would be immense because of the lower alloimmunization rates in RhD antigen-positive women. However, it is necessary to impose properly formulated protocols to screen pregnant women with bad obstetric history.
摘要：
未经评估：这项研究是为了确定孕妇对各种血型抗体的同种免疫频率，以及胎儿和新生儿溶血病的风险。
未经批准：所有产前妇女，无论妊娠期或产科史，包括在内，而那些服用抗D免疫预防或有输血史的患者被排除在外.使用Bio-RadID微分型系统进行抗体筛选和鉴定。
未经批准：2,084名产前女性，1,765个为D-抗原阳性和319个D-抗原阴性。65名（3.119%）妇女接受同种免疫。在54名（2.591%）对D抗原致敏的患者中，11(0.527%)也对其他抗体致敏。鉴定的这11种同种抗体包括：抗M（n=6；9.23%），抗c（n=1；3.076%），抗E（n=1；1.538%），反e（n=1；1.538%），反刘易斯（a）（n=1；1.538%），和未指明的抗体（n=1；1.538%）。在四名患者中发现了多种抗体：抗D和抗C（n=2；3.076％），抗e和抗c(n=1；1.538%)，抗D和抗G（n=1；1.538%）。
UASSIGNED：D-抗原阴性女性的同种免疫率很高。除此之外,产科病史不良的妇女的同种免疫率非常高，8.1%。在印度等发展中国家，普遍的产前抗体筛查，虽然可取，目前可能没有理由，因为RhD抗原阳性女性的同种免疫接种率较低,所需的成本和基础设施将是巨大的。然而,有必要实施适当制定的方案来筛查有不良产科史的孕妇。
未经批准：所有产前妇女，无论妊娠期或产科史，包括在内，而那些服用抗D免疫预防或有输血史的患者被排除在外.使用Bio-RadID微分型系统进行抗体筛选和鉴定。
未经批准：2,084名产前女性，1,765个为D-抗原阳性和319个D-抗原阴性。65名（3.119%）妇女接受同种免疫。在54名（2.591%）对D抗原致敏的患者中，11(0.527%)也对其他抗体致敏。鉴定的这11种同种抗体包括：抗M（n=6；9.23%），抗c（n=1；3.076%），抗E（n=1；1.538%），反e（n=1；1.538%），反刘易斯（a）（n=1；1.538%），和未指明的抗体（n=1；1.538%）。在四名患者中发现了多种抗体：抗D和抗C（n=2；3.076％），抗e和抗c(n=1；1.538%)，抗D和抗G（n=1；1.538%）。
UASSIGNED：D-抗原阴性女性的同种免疫率很高。除此之外,产科病史不良的妇女的同种免疫率非常高，8.1%。在印度等发展中国家，普遍的产前抗体筛查，虽然可取，目前可能没有理由，因为RhD抗原阳性女性的同种免疫接种率较低,所需的成本和基础设施将是巨大的。然而,有必要实施适当制定的方案来筛查有不良产科史的孕妇。
