Abstract：
In Syria, soil erosion (SoEr) by water is one of the major challenges for sustainability. Thus, the main goals of this research were to evaluate the spatial changes of SoEr between 2000 and 2018 in the whole coastal basin (CB) of Syria and to provide a soil water erosion risk map for the study area. For this purpose, monthly rainfall data, the SoilGrids dataset, satellite image derived NDVI layers, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were collected. Through the integration of these layers into the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), under a Geographic Information System (GIS), soil loss was assessed. Also, the contribution of land cover changes and R factor on SoEr were evaluated. The outcomes of this assessment illustrated that the R factor ranged from 800 to 2600 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1, while the soil erodibility factor (K factor) ranged from 0.048 to 0.035 ton ha MJ-1 mm-1. The C factor (vegetation coverage) values ranged between 0.07 and 1 with a spatial average value of 0.44 for the 2000-2009 period and 0.39 for the 2010-2018 interval. The output of RUSLE revealed that average annual SoEr was of 21.35 ton ha-1 y-1 (± 38) for 2000-2009 and 22.47 ton ha-1 y-1(± 41.8) for 2010-2018. Interestingly, the increased SoEr caused by the R factor was dominant (34.65%), followed by changes in both C factor and R factor (13.34%). However, decrease of SoEr rates is due to the increase of the C factor accounting for 36.82% of the CB. The outcome of this research can provide constructive spatial insights for rehabilitation plans for the post-war phase of Syria.
摘要：
在叙利亚,土壤侵蚀(SoEr)是可持续性的主要挑战之一。因此，这项研究的主要目标是评估2000年至2018年叙利亚整个沿海盆地（CB）的SoEr空间变化，并为研究区提供土壤侵蚀风险图。为此,月降雨量数据,土壤网格数据集，卫星图像衍生的NDVI层，并收集了数字高程模型(DEM)。通过将这些层整合到修订的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)中，在地理信息系统(GIS)下，土壤流失进行了评估。此外，评价了土地覆被变化和R因子对SoEr的贡献。该评估的结果表明，R因子范围为800至2600MJmmha-1h-1yr-1，而土壤可蚀性因子（K因子）范围为0.048至0.035吨haMJ-1mm-1。C因子（植被覆盖度）值介于0.07和1之间，2000-2009年的空间平均值为0.44，2010-2018年的空间平均值为0.39。RUSLE的产量显示，2000-2009年的年均SoEr为21.35吨ha-1y-1（±38），2010-2018年为22.47吨ha-1y-1（±41.8）。有趣的是,R因子引起的SoEr增加占主导地位(34.65%)，其次是C因子和R因子的变化(13.34%)。然而,SoEr率的下降是由于占CB的36.82%的C因子的增加。这项研究的结果可以为叙利亚战后阶段的恢复计划提供建设性的空间见解。
