Abstract：
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge is a promising biotechnological process for treating low-carbon nitrogenous wastewater, and is featured with low energy consumption and footprint. Previous theoretical and experimental research on anammox granular sludge processes mainly focused on granulation (flocs → granules), but pay little attention to the granulation cycle including granulation and regeneration. This work reviewed the previous studies from the perspective of anammox granules lifecycle and proposed various sustainable formation mechanisms of anammox granules. By reviewing the anaerobic, aerobic, and anammox granulation mechanisms, we summarize the mechanisms of thermodynamic theory, heterogeneous growth, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-based adhesion, quorum sensing (QS)-based regulation, biomineralization-based growth, and stratification of microorganisms to understand anammox granulation. In the regeneration process, the formation of precursors for re-granulation is explained by the mechanisms of physical crushing, quorum quenching and dispersion cue sensing. Based on the granulation cycle mechanism, the rebuilding of the normal regeneration process is considered essential to avoid granule floatation and the wash-out of granules. This comprehensive review indicates that future research on anammox granulation cycle should focus on the effects of filamentous bacteria in denitrification-anammox granulation cycle, the role of QS/ quorum quenching (QQ)-based autoinducers, development of diversified mechanisms to understand the cycle and the cycle mechanisms of stored granules.
摘要：
厌氧氨氧化（anammox）颗粒污泥是一种有前途的生物技术处理低碳含氮废水，并具有低能耗和足迹。先前对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺的理论和实验研究主要集中在颗粒化（絮凝→颗粒），但很少注意造粒周期，包括造粒和再生。本文从厌氧氨氧化颗粒生命周期的角度回顾了以往的研究，提出了厌氧氨氧化颗粒的各种可持续形成机制。通过观察厌氧菌，有氧,和厌氧氨氧化造粒机制，我们总结了热力学理论的机理，异质生长，基于胞外聚合物（EPS）的粘附，基于群体感应(QS)的调节，基于生物矿化的生长，和微生物的分层，以了解厌氧氨氧化颗粒。在再生过程中,用于再造粒的前体的形成由物理破碎的机制解释，群体猝灭和色散线索传感。基于粒化循环机制，正常再生过程的重建被认为是必要的，以避免颗粒漂浮和冲刷颗粒。该综述表明，未来对厌氧氨氧化造粒循环的研究应集中在丝状菌在反硝化-厌氧氨氧化造粒循环中的作用。基于QS/群体淬火(QQ)的自动诱导剂的作用，开发多样化的机制，以了解储存颗粒的周期和周期机制。
