Abstract：
Arsenic toxicity has become a major global health concern for humans and animals due to extensive environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic-contaminated water, air, soil, and plant and animal origin food. It has a wide range of detrimental effects on animals, humans, and the environment. As a result, various experimental and clinical studies were undertaken and are undergoing to understand its source of exposures, pathogenesis, identify key biomarkers, the medical and economic impact on affected populations and ecosystems, and their timely detection and control measures. Despite these extensive studies, no conclusive information for the prevention and control of arsenic toxicity is available, owing to complex epidemiology and pathogenesis, including an imprecise approach and repetitive work. As a result, there is a need for literature that focuses on recent studies on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, detection, and ameliorative measures of arsenic toxicity to assist researchers and policymakers in the practical future planning of research and community control programs. According to the preceding viewpoint, this review article provides an extensive analysis of the recent progress on arsenic exposure to humans through the environment, livestock, and fish, arsenic toxicopathology, nano-biotechnology-based detection, and current remedial measures for the benefit of researchers, academicians, and policymakers in controlling arsenic eco-toxicology and directing future research. Arsenic epidemiology should therefore place the greatest emphasis on the prevalence of different direct and indirect sources in the afflicted areas, followed by control strategies.
摘要：
由于广泛的环境和职业暴露于砷污染的水中，砷的毒性已成为人类和动物的主要全球健康问题。空气,土壤,植物和动物来源的食物。它对动物有广泛的有害影响，人类,和环境。因此,进行了各种实验和临床研究，以了解其暴露来源，发病机制，确定关键的生物标志物，对受影响人口和生态系统的医疗和经济影响，及其及时发现和控制措施。尽管有这些广泛的研究,没有关于预防和控制砷毒性的结论性信息，由于复杂的流行病学和发病机制，包括不精确的方法和重复的工作。因此,有必要的文献侧重于最近的流行病学研究，发病机制，检测,和砷毒性的改善措施，以协助研究人员和政策制定者在研究和社区控制计划的实际未来规划。根据前面的观点，这篇综述文章对人类通过环境暴露砷的最新进展进行了广泛的分析，牲畜,鱼,砷毒理病理学,基于纳米生物技术的检测，以及为研究人员的利益而采取的当前补救措施，院士,以及控制砷生态毒理学和指导未来研究的政策制定者。因此，砷流行病学应最大程度地强调患病地区不同直接和间接来源的流行，其次是控制策略。
