Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have genetically monitored chickens over time, and no research has been conducted on ducks. To ensure the sustainable management of key duck breeds, we used microsatellite markers to monitor Brown Tsaiya ducks over time genetically.
METHODS: The second, fourth, sixth to eighth generations of the Brown Tsaiya duck selected for feeding efficiency and control lines were included in this study to investigate the genetic variations, effective population size, population structure and the differentiation between populations over time with 11 microsatellite markers derived from Brown Tsaiya duck.
RESULTS: The results showed there were a slight decrease in the genetic variations and an increase in within-population inbreeding coefficient (FIS) in both lines, but no consistent increase in FIS was observed in each line. The effective population size in the second and eighth generations was 27.2 for the selected line and 23.9 for the control line. The change in allele richness showed a downward trend over time, and the selected line was slightly lower than the control line in each generation. The number of private alleles (Np) in the selected line were higher than in the control line. Moderate differentiation was observed between the second and eighth generations in the selected line (FST = 0.0510) and the control line (FST = 0.0606). Overall, differentiation tended to increase with each generation, but genetic variation and structure did not change considerably after six generations in the two lines.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a reference for poultry conservation and helps to implement cross-generation genetic monitoring and breeding plans in other duck breeds or lines to promote sustainable management.
METHODS: The second, fourth, sixth to eighth generations of the Brown Tsaiya duck selected for feeding efficiency and control lines were included in this study to investigate the genetic variations, effective population size, population structure and the differentiation between populations over time with 11 microsatellite markers derived from Brown Tsaiya duck.
RESULTS: The results showed there were a slight decrease in the genetic variations and an increase in within-population inbreeding coefficient (FIS) in both lines, but no consistent increase in FIS was observed in each line. The effective population size in the second and eighth generations was 27.2 for the selected line and 23.9 for the control line. The change in allele richness showed a downward trend over time, and the selected line was slightly lower than the control line in each generation. The number of private alleles (Np) in the selected line were higher than in the control line. Moderate differentiation was observed between the second and eighth generations in the selected line (FST = 0.0510) and the control line (FST = 0.0606). Overall, differentiation tended to increase with each generation, but genetic variation and structure did not change considerably after six generations in the two lines.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a reference for poultry conservation and helps to implement cross-generation genetic monitoring and breeding plans in other duck breeds or lines to promote sustainable management.
摘要：
未经证实：很少有研究对鸡进行基因监测，也没有对鸭子进行过研究。为确保重点鸭品种的可持续管理,我们使用微卫星标记来监测棕色柴雅鸭的基因。
未经评估：第二个，第四,本研究选择了第6至8代棕色柴鸭的饲喂效率和对照品系，以调查遗传变异，有效人口规模，群体结构和群体之间随时间的分化与11个微卫星标记来自棕色泽雅鸭。
UNASSIGNED：结果表明，两个品系的遗传变异略有下降，种群内近交系数（FIS）增加，但在各行中没有观察到FIS的一致增加。第二和第八代的有效种群数量对于选定的品系为27.2，对于对照品系为23.9。等位基因丰富度(AR)的变化随时间呈下降趋势,并且所选择的线在每一代中都略低于控制线。所选品系中的私有等位基因（Np）数量高于对照品系。在选定的品系（FST=0.0510）和对照品系（FST=0.0606）中，在第二代和第八代之间观察到中等分化。总的来说,区分倾向于随着每一代的增加而增加，但是在两个品系中经过六代后，遗传变异和结构没有很大变化。
UNASSIGNED：这项研究将作为家禽保护的参考，并有助于在其他鸭品种或品系中实施跨代遗传监测和育种计划，以促进可持续管理。
未经评估：第二个，第四,本研究选择了第6至8代棕色柴鸭的饲喂效率和对照品系，以调查遗传变异，有效人口规模，群体结构和群体之间随时间的分化与11个微卫星标记来自棕色泽雅鸭。
UNASSIGNED：结果表明，两个品系的遗传变异略有下降，种群内近交系数（FIS）增加，但在各行中没有观察到FIS的一致增加。第二和第八代的有效种群数量对于选定的品系为27.2，对于对照品系为23.9。等位基因丰富度(AR)的变化随时间呈下降趋势,并且所选择的线在每一代中都略低于控制线。所选品系中的私有等位基因（Np）数量高于对照品系。在选定的品系（FST=0.0510）和对照品系（FST=0.0606）中，在第二代和第八代之间观察到中等分化。总的来说,区分倾向于随着每一代的增加而增加，但是在两个品系中经过六代后，遗传变异和结构没有很大变化。
UNASSIGNED：这项研究将作为家禽保护的参考，并有助于在其他鸭品种或品系中实施跨代遗传监测和育种计划，以促进可持续管理。
