Abstract：
The intestinal microbiota plays a major role in infant health and development. However, the role of the breastmilk microbiota in infant gut colonisation remains unclear. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the composition of the breastmilk microbiota and evidence for transfer to/colonisation of the infant gut. Searches were performed using PUBMED, OVID, LILACS and PROQUEST from inception until 18th March 2020 with a PUBMED update to December 2021. 88 full texts were evaluated before final critique based on study power, sample contamination avoidance, storage, purification process, DNA extraction/analysis, and consideration of maternal health and other potential confounders. Risk of skin contamination was reduced mainly by breast cleaning and rejecting the first milk drops. Sample storage, DNA extraction and bioinformatics varied. Several studies stored samples under conditions that may selectively impact bacterial DNA preservation, others used preculture reducing reliability. Only 15 studies, with acceptable sample size, handling, extraction, and bacterial analysis, considered transfer of bacteria to the infant. Three reported bacterial transfer from infant to breastmilk. Despite consistent evidence for the breastmilk microbiota, and recent studies using improved methods to investigate factors affecting its composition, few studies adequately considered transfer to the infant gut providing very little evidence for effective impact on gut colonisation.
摘要：
肠道菌群在婴儿健康和发育中起着重要作用。然而,母乳微生物群在婴儿肠道定植中的作用尚不清楚.进行了系统评价以评估母乳微生物群的组成和转移到婴儿肠道/定植的证据。使用PUBMED进行搜索，OVID,LILACS和PROQUEST从成立到2020年3月18日，发布更新到2021年12月。在最终批评之前，根据研究能力评估了88篇全文，避免样品污染，storage,净化过程，DNA提取/分析，并考虑孕产妇健康和其他潜在的混杂因素。皮肤污染的风险主要通过乳房清洁和拒绝第一滴牛奶来降低。样品存储,DNA提取和生物信息学各不相同。一些研究在可能选择性影响细菌DNA保存的条件下储存样品。其他人使用预培养降低可靠性。只有15项研究，具有可接受的样本量，处理,提取,和细菌分析，考虑将细菌转移给婴儿。三个报告了细菌从婴儿转移到母乳。尽管母乳微生物群的证据一致，以及最近使用改进方法调查影响其成分的因素的研究，很少有研究充分考虑了转移到婴儿肠道，很少有证据表明对肠道定植有有效影响。
