Abstract：
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology to study the genetic relationships, population structure, gene flow and selective sweeps during species differentiation of Picea wilsonii, P. neoveitchii and P. likiangensis from a genome-wide perspective. We used P. jezoensis and P. pungens as outgroups, and three evolutionary branches were obtained: P. likiangensis was located on one branch, two P. wilsonii populations were grouped onto a second branch, and two P. neoveitchii populations were grouped onto a third branch. The relationship of P. wilsonii with P. likiangensis was closer than that with P. neoveitchii. ABBA-BABA analysis revealed that the gene flow between P. neoveitchii and P. wilsonii was greater than that between P. neoveitchii and P. likiangensis. Compared with the background population of P. neoveitchii, the genes that were selected in the P. wilsonii population were mainly related to plant stress resistance, stomatal regulation, plant morphology and flowering. The genes selected in the P. likiangensis population were mainly related to plant stress resistance, leaf morphology and flowering. Selective sweeps were beneficial for improving the adaptability of spruce species to different habitats as well as to accelerate species differentiation. The frequent gene flow between spruce species makes their evolutionary relationships complicated. Insight into gene flow and selection pressure in spruce species will help us further understand their phylogenetic relationships and provide a scientific basis for their introduction, domestication and genetic improvement.
摘要：
通过基因分型测序（GBS）技术获得全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，以研究其遗传关系，人口结构,在云杉物种分化过程中的基因流和选择性扫描，从全基因组的角度来看，新维奇和likiangensis。我们用jezoensis和pungens作为外群，并获得了三个进化分支：P。likiangensis位于一个分支上，两个威尔森氏疟原虫种群被分组到第二个分支上，和两个P.neoveitchi种群被分组到第三个分支。威尔森氏疟原虫与likiangensis的关系比与neoveitchii的关系更密切。ABBA-BABA分析显示，新蜂群和维氏疟原虫之间的基因流大于新蜂群和利氏疟原虫之间的基因流。与P.neoveitchii的背景种群相比，在P.wilsonii种群中选择的基因主要与植物抗逆性有关，气孔调节，植物形态和开花。选择的基因主要与植物抗逆性有关。叶形态和开花。选择性扫描有利于提高云杉物种对不同生境的适应性，促进物种分化。云杉物种之间频繁的基因流动使它们的进化关系变得复杂。深入了解云杉物种的基因流和选择压力将有助于我们进一步了解它们的系统发育关系，并为它们的引进提供科学依据。驯化和遗传改良。
