Abstract：
Retinal detachment (RD) is one of the most common, sight-threatening ocular conditions requiring emergency intervention. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) occurs in the majority of an aging population whereby the vitreous body separates from the retina. It is well established that PVD is the common precursor to the most common forms of RD; however, it remains unknown why in most individuals PVD will cause no/few complications (physiological PVD) but in a small percentage will cause retinal tears and detachment (pathological PVD). Despite over 100 years of scientific research, the anatomical definitions of PVD and its pathogenesis remain controversial. Recent research has identified a novel cell population (laminocyte), present at significantly higher numbers in pathological PVD when compared to physiological PVD. We review and summarise the seven distinct clinical sub-groups of retinal breaks and focus on the role of the laminocyte in those secondary to PVD and the transcriptomic profile of this unique cell. Provisional whole transcriptome analysis using bulk RNA-Seq shows marked differentially expressed genes when comparing physiological PVD with PVD associated with RD. The limitations of bulk RNA-Seq are considered and the potential to address these using spatial transcriptomics are discussed. Understanding the pathogenesis of PVD-related retinal tears will provide a baseline for the development of novel therapeutic targets and prophylactic treatments.
摘要：
视网膜脱离(RD)是最常见的,危及视力的眼病需要紧急干预。玻璃体后脱离(PVD)发生在大多数老年人群中,由此玻璃体与视网膜分离。众所周知，PVD是最常见形式RD的常见前体；然而，目前尚不清楚为什么在大多数个体中,PVD不会引起/很少的并发症(生理性PVD),但一小部分会引起视网膜撕裂和脱离(病理性PVD)。尽管有100多年的科学研究，PVD的解剖学定义及其发病机制仍存在争议。最近的研究已经确定了一个新的细胞群（层细胞），与生理PVD相比，病理性PVD的数量明显更高。我们回顾并总结了视网膜破裂的七个不同的临床亚组，并着重于层细胞在PVD继发的作用以及这种独特细胞的转录组学特征。当比较生理PVD和与RD相关的PVD时,使用大量RNA-Seq的临时全转录组分析显示显著的差异表达基因。考虑了大量RNA-Seq的局限性，并讨论了使用空间转录组学解决这些问题的潜力。了解PVD相关视网膜撕裂的发病机制将为开发新的治疗靶标和预防性治疗提供基线。
