Abstract：
Energy security, job development, and minimal environmental damage are just a few of the reasons why green energy technologies have gained popularity. Still, developing these technologies in underdeveloped countries is sluggish due to several bottlenecks. To find and prioritize the bottlenecks to development of green energy technologies (GETs), this study has used the case of South Africa. In this study, technical, financial, social, regulatory, geographical, and institutional bottlenecks are six headings under which 22 bottlenecks are further subdivided. For prioritizing these bottlenecks, a Multi-Objective Optimization based on Ratio Analysis (MOORA) strategy combined with an Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method was used. The top three bottlenecks impacting the GETs\' development involved social, institutional, and regulatory, whereas in sub-headings, corrupt political systems, knowledge of the public, and fixed investments were revealed to be the most significant hurdles. In addition to that, a framework is also developed for assessing how each bottleneck hinders the development of green energy technologies. The results of this study recommend that formulation of policy using the bottom-up approach is important. Notably, politicians at the highest levels should work together to bolster government agencies so that they can monitor and carry out the policies designed to advance GETs. Building the institutional capacity of government offices is crucial for eliminating corruption in political offices and progressing GETs in South Africa.
摘要：
能源安全,就业发展,最小的环境破坏只是绿色能源技术普及的几个原因。尽管如此，由于几个瓶颈，在不发达国家开发这些技术的速度很慢。为了找到并优先考虑绿色能源技术（GETs）发展的瓶颈，本研究以南非为例。在这项研究中,技术,金融,社会,监管,地理,体制瓶颈是六个标题，其中22个瓶颈被进一步细分。为了优先考虑这些瓶颈，使用基于比率分析（MOORA）策略的多目标优化与基于平均解距离（EDAS）方法的评估相结合。影响GET发展的三大瓶颈涉及社会，机构,和监管，而在副标题中，腐败的政治制度，公众的知识，固定投资被认为是最重要的障碍。除此之外,还制定了一个框架，用于评估每个瓶颈如何阻碍绿色能源技术的发展。这项研究的结果表明，使用自下而上的方法制定政策很重要。值得注意的是,最高级别的政治家应该共同努力，加强政府机构，以便他们能够监督和执行旨在推进GET的政策。建设政府办公室的机构能力对于消除政治办公室中的腐败和在南非取得进展至关重要。
