Abstract：
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the second largest sugar-producing crop (following sugarcane), accounting around 40% of total global sugar output. It has been reckoned with huge contribution in sugar, ethanol, and fodder industries. Since sugar beet is recalcitrant in nature, to address the multifaceted difficulties associated with its conventional propagation, several biotechnological tools and techniques aiming with in vitro-based mass regeneration-cum-genetic enhancement are becoming popular. The implementation of effective methodology for in vitro regeneration from ex vitro explant sources becomes the necessity for successful commercial-scale clonal propagation and genetic modification. Substantial research achievements have been made in the past few decades in connection to the optimization of in vitro protocols for direct and callus-mediated regeneration, homozygous line production, somatic hybridization, and genetic transformation of sugar beet. The current review summarizes several reported findings on various physio-chemical factors responsible for direct, indirect organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture, haploid culture, acclimatization accountable for plantlet mass multiplication, assessing the genetic integrity of in vitro-cultured plantlets, and, finally, successful transgenic approaches to remediate biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, this study highlights undiscovered regions, research gaps, and major bottlenecks that might be considered in developing significant innovative ideas related to sugar beet biotechnology in the near future. KEY POINTS: • Sugar beet, the second largest sugar producer, is a major contributor in sugar, ethanol, and fodder industries. • Current review comprehensively evaluates diverse factors influencing the success of in vitro biotechnological interventions. • This review further highlights the research gaps and offers way outs to attain comprehensive genetic improvement.
摘要：
甜菜（BetavulgarisL.）是第二大产糖作物（仅次于甘蔗），约占全球食糖总产量的40%。它被认为是糖的巨大贡献，乙醇,和饲料工业。由于甜菜本质上是顽固的，为了解决与传统传播相关的多方面困难，一些生物技术工具和技术的目的是在体外为基础的大规模再生和遗传增强变得流行。从体外外植体来源实施体外再生的有效方法成为成功的商业规模克隆繁殖和遗传修饰的必要条件。在过去的几十年中，在优化直接和愈伤组织介导的再生的体外方案方面取得了大量的研究成果，纯合生产线，体细胞杂交,和甜菜的遗传转化。当前的审查总结了一些关于各种生理化学因素的报告发现，间接器官发生，体细胞胚胎发生，原生质体培养,单倍体培养，适应导致植株质量繁殖，评估体外培养植株的遗传完整性，and,最后,修复生物和非生物胁迫的成功转基因方法。此外，这项研究突出了未发现的地区，研究空白,以及在不久的将来开发与甜菜生物技术有关的重大创新想法时可能会考虑的主要瓶颈。关键点：•甜菜，第二大糖生产商,是糖的主要贡献者，乙醇,和饲料工业。•当前审查全面评估影响体外生物技术干预成功的各种因素。•这篇综述进一步突出了研究差距，并提供了实现全面遗传改进的出路。
