Abstract：
The misuse and mismanagement of antibiotics have made the treatment of bacterial infections a challenge. This challenge is magnified when bacteria form biofilms, which can increase bacterial resistance up to 1000 times. It is desirable to develop anti-infective materials with antibacterial activity and no resistance to drugs. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, anti-infective strategies based on metal and metal oxide nanomaterials have been widely used in antibacterial and antibiofilm treatments. Here, this review expounds on the state-of-the-art applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials in bacterial infective diseases. A specific attention is given to the antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials, including disrupting cell membranes, damaging proteins, and nucleic acid. Moreover, a practical antibiofilm mechanism employing these metal and metal oxide nanomaterials is also introduced based on the composition of biofilm, including extracellular polymeric substance, quorum sensing, and bacteria. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials in the anti-infective field are presented to facilitate their development and use.
摘要：
抗生素的滥用和管理不善使细菌感染的治疗成为挑战。当细菌形成生物膜时，这种挑战被放大了，这可以使细菌耐药性增加1000倍。希望开发具有抗菌活性且对药物没有抗性的抗感染材料。随着纳米技术的快速发展,基于金属和金属氧化物纳米材料的抗感染策略已广泛应用于抗菌和抗生物膜治疗。这里,本文综述了金属和金属氧化物纳米材料在细菌感染性疾病中的最新应用。特别注意金属和金属氧化物纳米材料的抗菌机理，包括破坏细胞膜，破坏性蛋白质，和核酸。此外，基于生物膜的组成，还介绍了采用这些金属和金属氧化物纳米材料的实用抗生物膜机理，包括细胞外聚合物，仲裁感应,和细菌。最后,提出了金属和金属氧化物纳米材料在抗感染领域的当前挑战和未来前景，以促进其开发和使用。
