PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The bioactive chemicals in cigarette smoke (CS) and e-cigarette vapor (EV) may affect pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microflora, which may have implications on the pathophysiology of respiratory infections in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. In this systematic review, we seek to synthesize the research evidence supporting this hypothesis. To address the central research question, \"what is known from the published, peer-reviewed literature about the effects of cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor exposure on the physiology of human pathogenic bacteria?\", we screened the PubMed®, Web of ScienceTM, and ScienceDirect databases for reports examining the virulence characteristics and gene expression in human pathogenic bacteria exposed to either CS or EV. The principal conclusion from our analysis is that exposure to either CS or EV induces the virulence of respiratory pathogenic bacteria in a strain-dependent manner, which may in turn facilitate respiratory infections in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. In addition, we present evidence that nicotine and reactive oxygen species are the main chemicals responsible for CS/EV-mediated alterations in bacterial physiology. We note limitations that this review does not examine reports describing the alterations in host respiratory physiology or nasopharyngeal dysbiosis caused by CS/EV exposure. Future research to determine whether CS/EV-mediated augmentation of bacterial virulence indeed plays a role in human respiratory tract infections is warranted.
摘要：
香烟烟雾（CS）和电子烟蒸气（EV）中的生物活性化学物质可能会影响鼻咽微生物区系中的致病菌，这可能对吸烟者和电子烟使用者的呼吸道感染的病理生理学产生影响。在这次系统审查中，我们寻求综合支持这一假设的研究证据。为了解决中心研究问题，“从公布的情况来看，关于香烟烟雾或电子烟蒸汽暴露对人类致病菌生理影响的同行评审文献？我们筛选了PubMed®，WebofScienceTM,和ScienceDirect数据库，用于检查暴露于CS或EV的人类致病菌的毒力特征和基因表达的报告。我们分析得出的主要结论是，暴露于CS或EV以菌株依赖的方式诱导呼吸道致病菌的毒力，这反过来可能会促进吸烟者和电子烟使用者的呼吸道感染。此外,我们提供的证据表明，尼古丁和活性氧是导致CS/EV介导的细菌生理学改变的主要化学物质。我们注意到，本综述没有审查描述由CS/EV暴露引起的宿主呼吸生理或鼻咽生态失调的报告的局限性。有必要进行进一步的研究，以确定CS/EV介导的细菌毒力增强是否确实在人类呼吸道感染中起作用。
