Abstract：
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals associated with adverse health effects. At aqueous film-forming foam sites, they occur as mixtures, with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) commonly co-occurring in the highest concentrations. Although PFOS and PFHxS toxicities have been studied, few studies have tested their potential interaction. Using Rana pipiens, the present study compared toxicities of a 1:1 PFOS:PFHxS mixture to PFOS and PFHxS individually with the prediction that responses would be additive. Gosner stage 25 (GS 25) tadpoles were exposed through metamorphosis (GS 46) to 0.5 and 1 ppb PFOS or PFHxS alone or to a mixture of 0.5 ppb PFOS and 0.5 ppb PFHxS. Tadpoles were weighed and measured (snout-vent length [SVL]) at day 31, metamorphic climax (GS 42), and GS 46. These values were used to calculate the scaled mass index (SMI), a measure of body condition. Body burdens were quantified on day 31 and at GS 46. The PFOS and PFHxS body burdens were elevated relative to controls at GS 46. No effects were observed on survival, SVL, or mass. Single PFAS effects included a 17% reduction in SMI at day 31 (0.5 ppb PFHxS) and a 1.1-day longer metamorphic period (1 ppb PFHxS) relative to controls. Mixture results deviated from additivity-SMIs were higher than expected on day 31 and lower than expected at GS 42. In addition, time to GS 42 in the PFAS mixture exceeded expected additivity by 12 days. Results from a chronic exposure to a 1:1 PFOS:PFHxS mixture resulted in changes in body condition and length of metamorphosis that deviated from additivity. More PFAS mixture toxicity studies conducted at relevant ratios and concentrations are needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3007-3016. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
摘要：
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是与不良健康影响相关的化学物质。在水性成膜泡沫部位，它们以混合物的形式出现，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）通常以最高浓度共存。虽然已经研究了全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的毒性，很少有研究测试了它们的潜在相互作用。使用RanaPipiens，本研究比较了1：1PFOS：PFHxS混合物与PFOS和PFHxS的毒性，并预测反应将是累加的。Gosner第25期（GS25）t通过变态（GS46）暴露于0.5和1ppbPFOS或PFHxS单独或0.5ppbPFOS和0.5ppbPFHxS的混合物。在第31天，变质高潮（GS42）时，对and进行称重和测量（鼻孔长度[SVL]）。GS46这些值用于计算缩放质量指数(SMI)，衡量身体状况。在第31天和GS46定量身体负担。相对于GS46的对照，PFOS和PFHxS的身体负担升高。没有观察到对存活率的影响，SVL,或质量。单个PFAS效应包括在第31天SMI减少17％（0.5ppbPFHxS）和相对于对照组长1.1天的变质期（1ppbPFHxS）。偏离可加性的混合物结果-SMI在第31天高于预期，而在GS42天低于预期。此外,PFAS混合物中GS42的时间超过预期可加性12天。长期暴露于1：1PFOS：PFHxS混合物的结果导致身体状况和变态长度的变化，这与可加性不同。需要在相关比例和浓度下进行更多的PFAS混合物毒性研究。环境毒物化学2022；41：3007-3016。©2022作者WileyPeriodicalsLLC代表SETAC出版的环境毒理学和化学。
