Abstract：
Most ethics and research integrity (ERI) training approaches are based on teaching moral rules, duties or responsibilities, often not sufficiently addressing virtue-based ethics. This study aimed to obtain a consensus among relevant experts on the importance of essential virtues for ERI training and their acquisitions. A modified Delphi consensus process was conducted in three rounds; 31 ERI experts participated in Round 1 and 23 in Round 2 and Round 3. Based on findings generated from qualitative data in Round 1, a structured questionnaire with 90 different statements grouped under five domains was developed for Round 2 and Round 3. After the final round, a consensus was achieved on two-thirds of statements included in this study. The experts agreed that virtues are based on learned and reflected attitudes and that the appropriate direction to acquire research virtues is through continuing education using case studies and discussions based on real-life scenarios. Furthermore, the consensus was obtained on 35 scientific virtues that should be stimulated in ERI training, prioritizing honesty, integrity, accountability, criticism and fairness as the most essential scientific virtues for good research practice. These results should be considered in developing or adjusting the ERI training program and materials.
摘要：
大多数道德和研究诚信(ERI)培训方法都是基于道德规则的教学，职责或责任，往往不足以解决基于美德的伦理问题。这项研究旨在就ERI培训及其收购的基本美德的重要性在相关专家之间达成共识。修改后的德尔菲共识进程分三轮进行；31名ERI专家参加了第二轮和第三轮的第一轮和第二十三轮。根据第一轮定性数据的调查结果，为第二轮和第三轮制定了一份结构化问卷，其中有90种不同的陈述，分为五个领域。在最后一轮之后,对纳入本研究的三分之二的陈述达成共识.专家们一致认为，美德是基于学习和反映的态度，获得研究美德的适当方向是通过继续教育，使用案例研究和基于现实生活情景的讨论。此外，就ERI培训中应激发的35种科学美德达成了共识，优先考虑诚实，完整性，问责制,批评和公平是良好研究实践最重要的科学美德。在制定或调整ERI培训计划和材料时应考虑这些结果。
