PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Neck pain, one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, affects 222 million people worldwide. The cervical range of motion (CROM) is a tool used to assess the neck\'s state across three movement axes: flexo-extension, rotation, and lateral flexion. People with neck pain often have a reduced CROM, and they feel pain at the end-range and/or accompany neck movements with compensatory trunk movements. Virtual reality (VR) setups can track the movement of the head and other body parts in order to create the sensation of immersion in the virtual environment. Using this tracking position information, a CROM assessment can be performed using a VR setup that may be carried out autonomously from the user\'s home. The objectives of this study were to develop a VR experience that could be used to perform a CROM assessment, and to evaluate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the CROM measures guided by this VR experience. To the best of our knowledge, a study of this type has not been carried out before.
A total of 30 asymptomatic adults were assessed using a VR device (HTC Vive Pro Eye™). Two raters provided support with the VR setup, and the participants were guided by the VR experience as they performed the movements. Each rater tested each subject twice, in random order. In addition to a head-mounted display (HMD), a tracker located on the subject\'s back was used to measure trunk compensatory movements. The CROM was estimated using only the HMD position and this measurement was corrected using the tracker data. The mean and standard deviation were calculated to characterize the CROM. To evaluate the reliability, the interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for intra-rater and inter-rater analysis. The standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were also calculated. The usability of the VR system was measured using the Spanish version of the System Usability Scale.
The mean CROM values in each axis of movement were compatible with those described in the literature. ICC values ranged between 0.86 and 0.96 in the intra-rater analysis and between 0.83 and 0.97 in the inter-rater analysis; these values were between good and excellent. When applying the correction of the trunk movements, both the intra-rater and inter-rater ICC values slightly worsened except in the case of the lateral flexion movement, where they slightly improved. The usability score of the CROM assessment/VR system was 86 points, which is an excellent usability score.
The reliability of the measurements and the usability of the system indicate that a VR setup can be used to assess CROM. The reliability of the VR setup can be affected by slippage of the HMD or tracker. Both slippage errors are additive, i.e., only when the sum of these two errors is less than the compensatory movement do the measurements improve when considering the tracker data.
A total of 30 asymptomatic adults were assessed using a VR device (HTC Vive Pro Eye™). Two raters provided support with the VR setup, and the participants were guided by the VR experience as they performed the movements. Each rater tested each subject twice, in random order. In addition to a head-mounted display (HMD), a tracker located on the subject\'s back was used to measure trunk compensatory movements. The CROM was estimated using only the HMD position and this measurement was corrected using the tracker data. The mean and standard deviation were calculated to characterize the CROM. To evaluate the reliability, the interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for intra-rater and inter-rater analysis. The standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were also calculated. The usability of the VR system was measured using the Spanish version of the System Usability Scale.
The mean CROM values in each axis of movement were compatible with those described in the literature. ICC values ranged between 0.86 and 0.96 in the intra-rater analysis and between 0.83 and 0.97 in the inter-rater analysis; these values were between good and excellent. When applying the correction of the trunk movements, both the intra-rater and inter-rater ICC values slightly worsened except in the case of the lateral flexion movement, where they slightly improved. The usability score of the CROM assessment/VR system was 86 points, which is an excellent usability score.
The reliability of the measurements and the usability of the system indicate that a VR setup can be used to assess CROM. The reliability of the VR setup can be affected by slippage of the HMD or tracker. Both slippage errors are additive, i.e., only when the sum of these two errors is less than the compensatory movement do the measurements improve when considering the tracker data.
摘要：
颈部疼痛,最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病之一，影响全球2.22亿人。颈椎运动范围（CROM）是一种用于评估颈部在三个运动轴上的状态的工具：柔性伸展，旋转,和侧屈。患有颈部疼痛的人通常会减少CROM，他们在末端范围感到疼痛和/或伴随颈部运动和代偿躯干运动。虚拟现实（VR）设置可以跟踪头部和其他身体部位的运动，以便在虚拟环境中产生沉浸感。使用此跟踪位置信息，可以使用VR设置进行CROM评估，该设置可以从用户家中自主进行。这项研究的目的是开发一种可用于执行CROM评估的VR体验，并在此VR经验的指导下评估CROM措施的评估者内部和评估者之间的可靠性。据我们所知,以前没有进行过这种类型的研究。
使用VR设备（HTCViveProEye™）评估了总共30名无症状的成年人。两名评估者为VR设置提供了支持，参与者在进行动作时受到VR体验的引导。每个评估者测试每个受试者两次，以随机顺序。除了头戴式显示器（HMD），位于受试者背部的追踪器用于测量躯干代偿运动。仅使用HMD位置来估计CROM,并且使用跟踪器数据来校正该测量。计算平均值和标准偏差以表征CROM。为了评估可靠性，计算类间相关系数(ICC),用于评分者内和评分者间分析.还计算了测量的标准误差和最小可检测变化。VR系统的可用性是使用西班牙语版本的系统可用性量表进行测量的。
每个运动轴中的平均CROM值与文献中描述的那些一致。在评估者内部分析中，ICC值介于0.86和0.96之间，在评估者之间分析介于0.83和0.97之间；这些值介于良好和出色之间。当应用躯干运动的校正时，评分者和评分者之间的ICC值均略有恶化，除了侧屈运动的情况外，在那里他们略有改善。CROM评估/VR系统的可用性得分为86分，这是一个很好的可用性得分。
测量的可靠性和系统的可用性表明，VR设置可用于评估CROM。VR设置的可靠性可能受到HMD或跟踪器的滑动的影响。两种滑动误差都是累加的，即，只有当这两个误差之和小于补偿性移动时，在考虑跟踪器数据时，测量结果才会改善。
使用VR设备（HTCViveProEye™）评估了总共30名无症状的成年人。两名评估者为VR设置提供了支持，参与者在进行动作时受到VR体验的引导。每个评估者测试每个受试者两次，以随机顺序。除了头戴式显示器（HMD），位于受试者背部的追踪器用于测量躯干代偿运动。仅使用HMD位置来估计CROM,并且使用跟踪器数据来校正该测量。计算平均值和标准偏差以表征CROM。为了评估可靠性，计算类间相关系数(ICC),用于评分者内和评分者间分析.还计算了测量的标准误差和最小可检测变化。VR系统的可用性是使用西班牙语版本的系统可用性量表进行测量的。
每个运动轴中的平均CROM值与文献中描述的那些一致。在评估者内部分析中，ICC值介于0.86和0.96之间，在评估者之间分析介于0.83和0.97之间；这些值介于良好和出色之间。当应用躯干运动的校正时，评分者和评分者之间的ICC值均略有恶化，除了侧屈运动的情况外，在那里他们略有改善。CROM评估/VR系统的可用性得分为86分，这是一个很好的可用性得分。
测量的可靠性和系统的可用性表明，VR设置可用于评估CROM。VR设置的可靠性可能受到HMD或跟踪器的滑动的影响。两种滑动误差都是累加的，即，只有当这两个误差之和小于补偿性移动时，在考虑跟踪器数据时，测量结果才会改善。
