Abstract：
The process of fertilization includes sperm capacitation, hyperactivation, an acrosome reaction and the release of acrosome enzymes, membrane fusion and channel formation, the release of the sperm nucleus, and gamete fusion. This process is closely related to the shape and vitality of the sperm, acrosome enzyme release, and the zona pellucida structure of the egg, as well as the opening and closing of various ion (e.g., calcium) channels, the regulation of signaling pathways such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A, the release of progesterone, and the coupling of G-proteins. The interaction among multiple factors and their precise regulation give rise to multiple cascading regulatory processes. Problems with any factor will affect the success rate of fertilization. Recent studies have shown that with rapid societal development, the incidence of male infertility is increasing and occurs at younger ages. According to World Health Organization statistics, 15% of couples of childbearing ages have infertility problems, of which 50% are caused by male factors. Additionally, the cause of infertility cannot be identified in as many as 60% to 75% of male infertility patients. In this article, we review the research progress on the microregulation of fertilization and mechanisms underlying this process to identify causes and develop novel prevention and treatment strategies for male infertility.
摘要：
受精的过程包括精子获能，过度激活,顶体反应和顶体酶的释放，膜融合和通道形成，精子核的释放，配子融合。这个过程与精子的形状和活力密切相关，顶体酶释放，和卵的透明带结构，以及各种离子的打开和关闭(例如，钙)通道，环磷酸腺苷蛋白激酶A等信号通路的调节,黄体酮的释放，和G蛋白的偶联。多种因素之间的相互作用及其精确的调节产生了多个级联的调节过程。任何因素的问题都会影响施肥的成功率。最近的研究表明，随着社会的快速发展，男性不育症的发病率正在增加，并且发生在更年轻的年龄。根据世界卫生组织的统计，15%的育龄夫妇有不孕症，其中50%是由男性因素引起的。此外,在多达60％至75％的男性不育症患者中，无法确定不育的原因。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了受精的微调控及其相关机制的研究进展，以确定男性不育的原因并开发新的预防和治疗策略。
