Abstract：
BACKGROUND: This article presents the effects of traditional healing on the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Vhembe district, South Africa. The Vhembe district is one of the rural districts in Limpopo Province, South Africa, in which traditional healers are used as the first point of consultation for most ailments, regardless of their causes.
METHODS: This ethnographic study was based on Leininger\'s theory of culture care diversity and universality. It was carried out in selected villages in the Vhembe district. Observation and interviews with 15 purposively selected key informants, who are traditional healers, were used to collect data. Interviews were tape-recorded and field notes were also taken. The data were analysed using the ethnographic content analysis method.
RESULTS: The results suggest that traditional healing has both negative and positive effects on HIV and AIDS management. The positive effects are the effective treatment of some opportunistic infections, such as diarrhoea, skin lesions and childhood diseases. Negative effects, however, include incisions to let the \'dirty blood flow out\' and inducing of vomiting and diarrhoea, which may lead to anaemia, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Some traditional healers are of the view that HIV does not exist and that people either have an ancestral calling or are bewitched. Even though their claims have not been scientifically proven, some traditional healers stated that they can heal HIV and AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS: The research brings insight as to whether Vhavenda traditional healing has a favourable or unfavourable impact on HIV and AIDS management. Using Leininger\'s steps for adaptation for culture care diversity and universality will help with re-Africanisation of HIV management. The researcher recommend the modification of practices with a high risk of HIV infection to reduce this risk, whilst also supporting the continuation of beneficial practices that reduce HIV mortality, such as diarrhoea management.
METHODS: This ethnographic study was based on Leininger\'s theory of culture care diversity and universality. It was carried out in selected villages in the Vhembe district. Observation and interviews with 15 purposively selected key informants, who are traditional healers, were used to collect data. Interviews were tape-recorded and field notes were also taken. The data were analysed using the ethnographic content analysis method.
RESULTS: The results suggest that traditional healing has both negative and positive effects on HIV and AIDS management. The positive effects are the effective treatment of some opportunistic infections, such as diarrhoea, skin lesions and childhood diseases. Negative effects, however, include incisions to let the \'dirty blood flow out\' and inducing of vomiting and diarrhoea, which may lead to anaemia, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Some traditional healers are of the view that HIV does not exist and that people either have an ancestral calling or are bewitched. Even though their claims have not been scientifically proven, some traditional healers stated that they can heal HIV and AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS: The research brings insight as to whether Vhavenda traditional healing has a favourable or unfavourable impact on HIV and AIDS management. Using Leininger\'s steps for adaptation for culture care diversity and universality will help with re-Africanisation of HIV management. The researcher recommend the modification of practices with a high risk of HIV infection to reduce this risk, whilst also supporting the continuation of beneficial practices that reduce HIV mortality, such as diarrhoea management.
摘要：
背景：本文介绍了传统治疗对Vhembe地区人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和获得性免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）的管理的影响，南非。Vhembe区是林波波省的农村地区之一，南非,在大多数疾病中，传统治疗师被用作咨询的第一点，不管他们的原因。
方法：本人种学研究基于Leininger的文化关怀多样性和普遍性理论。它是在Vhembe区的某些村庄进行的。观察和采访15个有目的地选择的关键线人，他们是传统的治疗师，用于收集数据。访谈是用磁带录制的，还做了实地笔记。使用人种学内容分析方法对数据进行分析。
结果：结果表明，传统治疗对HIV和AIDS的管理有积极和消极的影响。积极的效果是有效治疗一些机会性感染，比如腹泻，皮肤病变和儿童疾病。负面影响,然而,包括切口，让“肮脏的血液流出”，并引起呕吐和腹泻，这可能会导致贫血，脱水和电解质失衡。一些传统治疗师认为，艾滋病毒不存在，人们要么有祖先的呼唤，要么被迷住了。尽管他们的说法没有得到科学证实，一些传统治疗师表示，他们可以治愈艾滋病毒和艾滋病。
结论：这项研究提供了关于Vhavenda传统治疗对HIV和AIDS管理是否有利或不利影响的见解。使用Leininger的适应文化护理多样性和普遍性的步骤将有助于艾滋病毒管理的重新非洲化。研究人员建议修改艾滋病毒感染高风险的做法，以降低这种风险，同时还支持继续实施降低艾滋病毒死亡率的有益做法，如腹泻管理。
方法：本人种学研究基于Leininger的文化关怀多样性和普遍性理论。它是在Vhembe区的某些村庄进行的。观察和采访15个有目的地选择的关键线人，他们是传统的治疗师，用于收集数据。访谈是用磁带录制的，还做了实地笔记。使用人种学内容分析方法对数据进行分析。
结果：结果表明，传统治疗对HIV和AIDS的管理有积极和消极的影响。积极的效果是有效治疗一些机会性感染，比如腹泻，皮肤病变和儿童疾病。负面影响,然而,包括切口，让“肮脏的血液流出”，并引起呕吐和腹泻，这可能会导致贫血，脱水和电解质失衡。一些传统治疗师认为，艾滋病毒不存在，人们要么有祖先的呼唤，要么被迷住了。尽管他们的说法没有得到科学证实，一些传统治疗师表示，他们可以治愈艾滋病毒和艾滋病。
结论：这项研究提供了关于Vhavenda传统治疗对HIV和AIDS管理是否有利或不利影响的见解。使用Leininger的适应文化护理多样性和普遍性的步骤将有助于艾滋病毒管理的重新非洲化。研究人员建议修改艾滋病毒感染高风险的做法，以降低这种风险，同时还支持继续实施降低艾滋病毒死亡率的有益做法，如腹泻管理。
