Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In the late 1990s, as a response to rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an independent multinational, interdisciplinary group was formed specifically targeting primary care antibiotic prescribing for community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs). The group comprised senior clinicians from Canada, Israel, Spain, Sweden, UK and USA. The group\'s objectives were to provide recommendations for antibiotic stewardship in the community because, whilst it was widely accepted that inappropriate antibiotic use was contributing to AMR, it remained difficult to change prescribing behaviour. The group aimed to identify principles underlying appropriate antibiotic prescribing and guideline formulation to reduce morbidity from CA-RTIs, limit therapeutic failure and, importantly, curb AMR emergence. The group published a report in 2002, which has become known as the Consensus Principles.
OBJECTIVE: (i) To consider the relevance of the Consensus Principles in 2022 by reviewing current global approaches to rising AMR. A wide range of factors, such as antibiotic overuse, most recently seen in COVID-19 patients, are still driving rising AMR even though there has been a high-level international response to the AMR threat; and (ii) as an introduction to this Supplement, which reports the findings of analyses of how AMR is being addressed in nine disparate countries (Brazil, India, Kuwait, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Vietnam). Understanding how these initiatives are being pursued in different countries helps identify areas where more information is needed.
CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the Consensus Principles remains as important now as it was in 2002. Achieving appropriate antibiotic prescribing is a vital objective in order that the right patient receives the right antibiotics at the right time to ensure optimal clinical outcomes while at the same time helping to limit further increases in AMR.
OBJECTIVE: (i) To consider the relevance of the Consensus Principles in 2022 by reviewing current global approaches to rising AMR. A wide range of factors, such as antibiotic overuse, most recently seen in COVID-19 patients, are still driving rising AMR even though there has been a high-level international response to the AMR threat; and (ii) as an introduction to this Supplement, which reports the findings of analyses of how AMR is being addressed in nine disparate countries (Brazil, India, Kuwait, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Vietnam). Understanding how these initiatives are being pursued in different countries helps identify areas where more information is needed.
CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the Consensus Principles remains as important now as it was in 2002. Achieving appropriate antibiotic prescribing is a vital objective in order that the right patient receives the right antibiotics at the right time to ensure optimal clinical outcomes while at the same time helping to limit further increases in AMR.
摘要：
背景：在1990年代后期，作为对抗菌素耐药性(AMR)上升的反应，一个独立的跨国公司，跨学科小组专门针对社区获得性呼吸道感染（CA-RTIs）的初级保健抗生素处方。该小组由来自加拿大的高级临床医生组成，以色列,西班牙,瑞典,英国和美国。该小组的目标是为社区的抗生素管理提供建议，因为，虽然人们普遍认为不适当的抗生素使用会导致AMR，改变处方行为仍然很困难。该小组旨在确定适当的抗生素处方和指南制定的基本原则，以降低CA-RTIs的发病率。限制治疗失败，重要的是,遏制AMR的出现。该小组于2002年发表了一份报告，该报告被称为《共识原则》。
目标：（i）通过审查当前全球AMR上升的方法，在2022年考虑共识原则的相关性。各种各样的因素，比如抗生素的过度使用，最近在COVID-19患者中发现，尽管国际上已经对AMR威胁做出了高级别反应，但仍在推动AMR上升；(ii)作为本补编的导言，报告了九个不同国家如何解决AMR的分析结果(巴西，印度,科威特,墨西哥,巴基斯坦,俄罗斯,沙特阿拉伯,蒂尔基耶和越南）。了解这些举措是如何在不同国家推行的，有助于确定需要更多信息的领域。
结论：遵守共识原则现在和2002年一样重要。实现适当的抗生素处方是一个至关重要的目标，以便正确的患者在正确的时间接受正确的抗生素，以确保最佳的临床结果，同时有助于限制AMR的进一步增加。
目标：（i）通过审查当前全球AMR上升的方法，在2022年考虑共识原则的相关性。各种各样的因素，比如抗生素的过度使用，最近在COVID-19患者中发现，尽管国际上已经对AMR威胁做出了高级别反应，但仍在推动AMR上升；(ii)作为本补编的导言，报告了九个不同国家如何解决AMR的分析结果(巴西，印度,科威特,墨西哥,巴基斯坦,俄罗斯,沙特阿拉伯,蒂尔基耶和越南）。了解这些举措是如何在不同国家推行的，有助于确定需要更多信息的领域。
结论：遵守共识原则现在和2002年一样重要。实现适当的抗生素处方是一个至关重要的目标，以便正确的患者在正确的时间接受正确的抗生素，以确保最佳的临床结果，同时有助于限制AMR的进一步增加。
