Abstract：
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious health concern to humans and cattle worldwide. Although it has been proven that lytic phages may successfully kill S. aureus, the interaction between the host and the phage has yet to be thoroughly investigated, which will likely limit the clinical application of phage. Here, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to examine the transcriptomics of jumbo phage SA1 and Staphylococcus JTB1-3 during a high multiplicity of infection (MOI) and RT-qPCR was used to confirm the results. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that phage SA1 took over the transcriptional resources of the host cells and that the genes were categorized as early, middle, and late, based on the expression levels during infection. A minor portion of the resources of the host was employed to enable phage replication after infection because only 35.73% (997/2790) of the host genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the phage infection mainly affected the nucleotide metabolism, protein metabolism, and energy-related metabolism of the host. Moreover, the expression of the host genes involved in anti-phage systems, virulence, and drug resistance significantly changed during infection. This research gives a fresh understanding of the relationship between jumbo phages and their Gram-positive bacteria hosts and provides a reference for studying phage treatment and antibiotics.
摘要：
金黄色葡萄球菌（S。金黄色葡萄球菌）是一种重要的人畜共患病原体，对全世界的人类和牛构成严重的健康问题。尽管已经证明裂解噬菌体可以成功杀死金黄色葡萄球菌，宿主和噬菌体之间的相互作用尚未得到彻底研究，这可能会限制噬菌体的临床应用。这里,在高感染复数（MOI）期间，使用RNA测序（RNA-seq）检查巨型噬菌体SA1和葡萄球菌JTB1-3的转录组学，并使用RT-qPCR确认结果。RNA-seq分析表明，噬菌体SA1接管了宿主细胞的转录资源，并且这些基因被归类为早期，中间,迟到了,基于感染期间的表达水平。宿主资源的一小部分用于在感染后实现噬菌体复制，因为只有35.73％（997/2790）的宿主基因被鉴定为差异表达基因（DEGs）。基因本体论(GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析表明,噬菌体感染主要影响核苷酸代谢,蛋白质代谢，和宿主的能量相关代谢。此外，参与抗噬菌体系统的宿主基因的表达，毒力,感染期间耐药性发生显著变化。本研究对巨型噬菌体与其革兰氏阳性菌宿主之间的关系有了新的认识，为研究噬菌体治疗和抗生素提供了参考。
