Abstract：
Peripheral intravenous catheterization (PIVC) is pivotal to pediatric medical care; however, it is a challenging technique for pediatricians, and the parameters affecting successful pediatric PIVC establishment have not been fully investigated.
This prospective observational study collected data from pediatric patients aged less than 18 years who required PIVC. The participants were categorized into five groups for subgroup analysis: newborn, infant, toddler, pre-school, and student (children and adolescent). Data on demography, biochemistry, and PIVC executors were examined to elucidate the most powerful factors affecting the success of PIVC.
A total of 935 peripheral venous cannulations conducted within 1 year were studied. Age-subgroup analysis showed the highest failure rate (FR) of PIVC in the infant group (18.4%). No significant difference in BMI standard deviation score was noted among the groups (p-value = 0.430). Compared with those for the success group, more attempts, longer completion time, and more medical staff were needed for the failure group (all p-values < 0.05). A high serum procalcitonin level was correlated with an increased FR (p-value = 0.016). In addition, the success rate was positively associated with the seniority of the operators, except for the 3-year experienced R3 group (93.5%) showing a higher success rate than the 4-year experienced CR group (84.2%).
Difficulty in setting up PIVC was the greatest in infants and even greater than that in newborns. Even though seniority was a cardinal factor in successful PIVC, a high FR was still noted despite the lack of continuous and steady practice.
This prospective observational study collected data from pediatric patients aged less than 18 years who required PIVC. The participants were categorized into five groups for subgroup analysis: newborn, infant, toddler, pre-school, and student (children and adolescent). Data on demography, biochemistry, and PIVC executors were examined to elucidate the most powerful factors affecting the success of PIVC.
A total of 935 peripheral venous cannulations conducted within 1 year were studied. Age-subgroup analysis showed the highest failure rate (FR) of PIVC in the infant group (18.4%). No significant difference in BMI standard deviation score was noted among the groups (p-value = 0.430). Compared with those for the success group, more attempts, longer completion time, and more medical staff were needed for the failure group (all p-values < 0.05). A high serum procalcitonin level was correlated with an increased FR (p-value = 0.016). In addition, the success rate was positively associated with the seniority of the operators, except for the 3-year experienced R3 group (93.5%) showing a higher success rate than the 4-year experienced CR group (84.2%).
Difficulty in setting up PIVC was the greatest in infants and even greater than that in newborns. Even though seniority was a cardinal factor in successful PIVC, a high FR was still noted despite the lack of continuous and steady practice.
摘要：
背景：外周静脉导管插入术（PIVC）对于儿科医疗至关重要；然而，这对儿科医生来说是一项具有挑战性的技术，影响成功建立儿科PIVC的参数尚未得到充分研究。
方法：这项前瞻性观察性研究收集了18岁以下需要PIVC的儿科患者的数据。将参与者分为五组进行亚组分析：新生儿，婴儿,蹒跚学步的孩子，学前,和学生（儿童和青少年）。人口数据，生物化学,和PIVC执行者进行了检查，以阐明影响PIVC成功的最有力因素。
结果：研究了1年内进行的935例外周静脉插管。年龄亚组分析显示，婴儿组的PIVC失败率（FR）最高（18.4％）。各组间BMI标准差评分无显著差异(p值=0.430)。与成功组相比，更多尝试,完成时间更长，失败组需要更多的医务人员（所有p值<0.05）。高血清降钙素原水平与FR升高相关(p值=0.016)。此外,成功率与操作人员的资历呈正相关，除了3年有经验的R3组（93.5％）的成功率高于4年有经验的CR组（84.2％）。
结论：建立PIVC的难度在婴儿中最大，甚至大于新生儿。尽管资历是PIVC成功的主要因素，尽管缺乏持续和稳定的实践,但仍注意到高FR.
方法：这项前瞻性观察性研究收集了18岁以下需要PIVC的儿科患者的数据。将参与者分为五组进行亚组分析：新生儿，婴儿,蹒跚学步的孩子，学前,和学生（儿童和青少年）。人口数据，生物化学,和PIVC执行者进行了检查，以阐明影响PIVC成功的最有力因素。
结果：研究了1年内进行的935例外周静脉插管。年龄亚组分析显示，婴儿组的PIVC失败率（FR）最高（18.4％）。各组间BMI标准差评分无显著差异(p值=0.430)。与成功组相比，更多尝试,完成时间更长，失败组需要更多的医务人员（所有p值<0.05）。高血清降钙素原水平与FR升高相关(p值=0.016)。此外,成功率与操作人员的资历呈正相关，除了3年有经验的R3组（93.5％）的成功率高于4年有经验的CR组（84.2％）。
结论：建立PIVC的难度在婴儿中最大，甚至大于新生儿。尽管资历是PIVC成功的主要因素，尽管缺乏持续和稳定的实践,但仍注意到高FR.
