Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The present study reports a very rare case of Trypanosoma theileri like infection in the peritoneal fluid of a 6-year-old female Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle brought to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar. The aim of the clinical study was to report an unusual case of T. theileri-like infection associated with peritonitis and its therapeutic management.
METHODS: For confirmatory diagnosis, peritoneal fluid and blood sample was collected from animal for haemato-biochemical examination, buffy coat examination and detection of Trypanosoma antigen by monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test.
RESULTS: Animal had history of anorexia, high fever, oedematous swelling on the abdominal area and decrease in milk yield since 1 week. Clinical examination revealed high fever, congested conjunctival mucus membrane and oedematous inflammatory swelling on the abdominal region. Haematological examination on Day 1 revealed relative neutrophilia and eosinophilia, whereas other parameters measured were on the lower side of normal range. Thin blood smear examination did not reveal any parasite on first attempt. However, after confirmation of Trypanosoma species in peritoneal fluid collected by FNAC, buffy coat examination of blood sample was also found positive for Trypanosoma species. On Day 2, haematological examination revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis, eosinophilia and anaemia. Blood sample was also found serologically positive for Trypanosoma antigen by monoclonal antibody based latex agglutination test. Biochemical examination revealed increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, hyperglycemia, hyperprotienemia and decreased levels of sodium and chloride ions. Animal was primarily treated with isometamidium chloride (Nyzom®) @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight (IM, single dose) along with supportive therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Animal showed clinical recovery after 10 days of treatment. Post-recovery, blood sample of the animal was re-examined for parasite and other blood parameters and it was found negative for presence of Trypanosoma infection along with restoration of haematological values. Hence, the present study concludes the confirmatory diagnosis and therapeutic use of isometamidium hydrochloride along with anti-inflammatory drugs to Trypanosoma infection.
METHODS: For confirmatory diagnosis, peritoneal fluid and blood sample was collected from animal for haemato-biochemical examination, buffy coat examination and detection of Trypanosoma antigen by monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test.
RESULTS: Animal had history of anorexia, high fever, oedematous swelling on the abdominal area and decrease in milk yield since 1 week. Clinical examination revealed high fever, congested conjunctival mucus membrane and oedematous inflammatory swelling on the abdominal region. Haematological examination on Day 1 revealed relative neutrophilia and eosinophilia, whereas other parameters measured were on the lower side of normal range. Thin blood smear examination did not reveal any parasite on first attempt. However, after confirmation of Trypanosoma species in peritoneal fluid collected by FNAC, buffy coat examination of blood sample was also found positive for Trypanosoma species. On Day 2, haematological examination revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis, eosinophilia and anaemia. Blood sample was also found serologically positive for Trypanosoma antigen by monoclonal antibody based latex agglutination test. Biochemical examination revealed increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, hyperglycemia, hyperprotienemia and decreased levels of sodium and chloride ions. Animal was primarily treated with isometamidium chloride (Nyzom®) @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight (IM, single dose) along with supportive therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Animal showed clinical recovery after 10 days of treatment. Post-recovery, blood sample of the animal was re-examined for parasite and other blood parameters and it was found negative for presence of Trypanosoma infection along with restoration of haematological values. Hence, the present study concludes the confirmatory diagnosis and therapeutic use of isometamidium hydrochloride along with anti-inflammatory drugs to Trypanosoma infection.
摘要：
目的：本研究报告了一个非常罕见的病例，在被带到兽医临床综合体的6岁雌性荷斯坦弗里斯（HF）牛的腹膜液中，LalaLajpatRai兽医与动物科学大学（LUVAS），希萨尔.临床研究的目的是报告一例与腹膜炎相关的T.theileri样感染及其治疗方法。
方法：对于确证诊断，从动物中收集腹膜液和血液样本进行血液生化检查，血沉棕黄层检查和基于单克隆抗体的乳胶凝集试验检测锥虫抗原。
结果：动物有厌食症史，高烧,腹部水肿肿胀，1周后产奶量下降。临床检查显示高烧，腹部区域结膜粘膜充血和水肿性炎性肿胀。第1天的血液学检查显示嗜中性粒细胞增多和嗜酸性粒细胞增多,而其他测量参数在正常范围的较低。第一次尝试时，薄血涂片检查未发现任何寄生虫。然而,在FNAC收集的腹膜液中确认锥虫物种后，血液样本的血沉棕黄层检查也发现锥虫物种呈阳性。在第2天，血液学检查显示嗜中性白细胞增多，嗜酸性粒细胞增多和贫血。通过基于单克隆抗体的乳胶凝集试验，还发现血样对锥虫抗原的血清学阳性。生化检查显示血尿素氮（BUN）增加，γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平,高血糖症,高前列腺血症和钠离子和氯离子水平降低。以0.5mg/kg体重(IM,单剂量）以及支持治疗。
结论:动物在治疗10天后表现出临床恢复。恢复后，重新检查动物的血液样本中的寄生虫和其他血液参数，发现锥虫感染的存在以及血液学值的恢复均为阴性。因此，本研究总结了盐酸异金属胺与抗炎药对锥虫感染的确证诊断和治疗应用。
方法：对于确证诊断，从动物中收集腹膜液和血液样本进行血液生化检查，血沉棕黄层检查和基于单克隆抗体的乳胶凝集试验检测锥虫抗原。
结果：动物有厌食症史，高烧,腹部水肿肿胀，1周后产奶量下降。临床检查显示高烧，腹部区域结膜粘膜充血和水肿性炎性肿胀。第1天的血液学检查显示嗜中性粒细胞增多和嗜酸性粒细胞增多,而其他测量参数在正常范围的较低。第一次尝试时，薄血涂片检查未发现任何寄生虫。然而,在FNAC收集的腹膜液中确认锥虫物种后，血液样本的血沉棕黄层检查也发现锥虫物种呈阳性。在第2天，血液学检查显示嗜中性白细胞增多，嗜酸性粒细胞增多和贫血。通过基于单克隆抗体的乳胶凝集试验，还发现血样对锥虫抗原的血清学阳性。生化检查显示血尿素氮（BUN）增加，γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平,高血糖症,高前列腺血症和钠离子和氯离子水平降低。以0.5mg/kg体重(IM,单剂量）以及支持治疗。
结论:动物在治疗10天后表现出临床恢复。恢复后，重新检查动物的血液样本中的寄生虫和其他血液参数，发现锥虫感染的存在以及血液学值的恢复均为阴性。因此，本研究总结了盐酸异金属胺与抗炎药对锥虫感染的确证诊断和治疗应用。
