Abstract：
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually less severe in children and adolescents than in adults. However, it can cause severe respiratory illness in a small proportion of children with risk factors. Here, we report a rare case of a 10-year-old boy with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans that developed after pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This patient was previously healthy apart from a high body mass index (BMI, 30.13; 99.6th percentile for the age bracket), history of preterm birth (35 weeks), and low birth weight (1,850 g). He had persistent exertional dyspnea after recovering from SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia. Spirometry revealed obstructive lung disease with the following results: predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%pred), 71%; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%pred), 63%; FEV1/FVC, 0.81; and forced expiratory flow25-75%pred, 55%. Chest computed tomography showed multifocal areas of parenchymal hyperlucency and mosaic attenuation in both lungs. This case suggests that careful observation of children with obesity and low birth weight is necessary after recovery from SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia.
摘要：
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在儿童和青少年中的严重程度通常低于成人。然而,它可以在一小部分有危险因素的儿童中引起严重的呼吸道疾病。这里,我们报道一例罕见病例,1例10岁男孩感染后闭塞性细支气管炎,由严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)引起肺炎后发展.除了高体重指数（BMI，30.13；年龄组的99.6百分位数)，早产史（35周），低出生体重（1850克）。他从SARS-CoV-2相关肺炎中恢复后持续劳力性呼吸困难。肺活量测定显示阻塞性肺疾病，结果如下：预测用力肺活量（FVC％pred），71%；1秒用力呼气量（FEV1%pred），63%；FEV1/FVC，0.81;和用力呼气流量25-75%pred，55%。胸部计算机断层扫描显示两肺中实质透明和马赛克衰减的多病灶区域。此病例表明，从SARS-CoV-2相关肺炎恢复后，有必要仔细观察肥胖和低出生体重的儿童。
